Route Survey Of The Stretch Of Road From Oriawo Along Ogbomoso Road, Oyo To School Of Science,
(A Case Study Of Sabo Oyo Town, Atiba Local Government Area, Oyo State)
A comprehensive route survey of the stretch of road from Oriawo along Ogbomoso Road, Oyo to the School of Science entails meticulous examination and assessment of various factors such as terrain elevation, soil composition, existing infrastructure, potential obstacles, and environmental considerations. By conducting detailed measurements and analyses, including topographical mapping and geotechnical investigations, engineers can determine the optimal alignment, design, and construction methods for the road. This survey aims to enhance transportation efficiency, safety, and sustainability while accommodating the specific needs of commuters, motorists, pedestrians, and surrounding communities. Additionally, it facilitates informed decision-making and resource allocation for infrastructure development and maintenance, ultimately contributing to the overall improvement of transportation networks and socioeconomic growth in the region.
Theproject was focused on the execution of route surveying for the purpose of road reconstruction from Oriawo along Ogbomosho road, Oyo to School of Science, Sabo Oyo Town. Stations were selected along the existing route at regular intervals as in the specifications
Theodolite traverse was run over stations, while levels were observed along the longitudinal and cross-sections of the traverse lines. All data were gathered with effective orientation from the controls, these were used to produce the plans (with appropriate scale) showing horizontal alignment, profile and cross-sections.
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURE
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS 2
1.3.0 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3.1 AIM Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3.2 OBJECTIVES 2
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 3
1.6 PERSONNEL 4
1.7 STUDY AREA 4
CHAPTER TWO 6
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
RECONNAISSANCE 8
PRELIMINARY SURVEY 9
LOCATION SURVEY 9
OFFICE LOCATION: – 9
CHAPTER THREE 12
3.0 METHODOLOGY 12
3.1 RECONNAISSANCE 12
3.1.1 OFFICE PLANNING 12
3.1.2 FIELD RECONNAISSANCE 13
3.2 DATA ACQUISITION 15
3.2.1 EQUIPMENT USED 15
3.2.2 TEST OF INSTRUMENT 16
3.2.2.2 LEVEL INSTRUMENT TEST (TWO PEG TEST) 16
3.2.3 CONTROL CHECK 18
3.2.3.1 SELECTION OF STATIONS 22
3.2.3.2 MONUMENTATION 22
3.2.4 FIELD OBSEVATION 22
3.2.4.1 ANGULAR MEASUREMENT 23
3.2.4.2 LINEAR MEASUREMENTS 24
3.2.4.3 LEVELING 24
3.2.4.5 DETAILING 26
CHAPTER FOUR 28
4.0 DATA PROCESSING AND RESULT ANALYSIS 28
4.1 FIELD BOOKS REDUCTIONS 28
4.1.1 HORIZONTAL ANGLE REDUCTION 28
4.1.2 VERTICAL ANGLE REDUCTION 29
4.1.3 LINEAR MEASUREMENT REDUCTION 29
4.2.1 FORWARD COMPUTATION 30
4.2.1.1 BEARING REDUCTION 30
4.2.1.2 CORRECTION TO BEARING 30
4.2.1.3 COORDINATES REDUCTION 30
4.2.1.4 COORDINATES ADJUSTMENTS 31
4.2.2 BACK COMPUTATION 31
4.2.3 LEVELING COMPUTATION AND ADJUSTMENTS 32
4.2.3.1 LEVELING ADJUSTMENT 33
4.2.4 ACCURACY 33
4.2.4.1 ANGULAR ACCURACY 33
4.2.4.2 LEVELING ACCURACY 34
4.2.4.3 LINEAR ACCURACY 34
4.3 RESULT ANALYSIS 35
4.4 EXTRACT OF RESULT 36
4.6 INFORMATION PRESENTATION (ANALOG AND DIGITAL) 36
4.6.1 PLAN PRODUCTION 37
4.6.2 MANUAL PLOTTING 37
4.6.3 DIGITAL PLOTTING 37
CHAPTER FIVE 38
5.0 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 38
5.1 SUMMARY 38
5.2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED 38
5.3 CONCLUSION 38
5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS 39
REFERENCES 40
APPENDICES 41
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Engineering Surveying is one of the branches of surveying which from the general express for any survey work carried out in connection with construction engineering and building project, it is a large scale topographical map survey which the basis for design of engineering works such as highways, railways, canals, tunnels, dams, pipelines and transmission lines.
In the word of engineering and environmental studies, surveying has been recognized as the inevitable operation been described as be the bedrock of every meaningful development. The greater part of its responsibility is seen from the various types of surveying which are all geared toward promoting route ways, convenience, accessibility and spatial declination of both natural and social environment. In addition, surveying means the activities of planning, designing, constructions, development and rehabilitation of roads, depending on the survey data required by the surveyor.
Route survey which is an aspect of engineering survey may be defined as the survey operation that is done for the establishment of the horizontal and vertical alignment of transportation facilities. It involved: planning, design and setting out of any route such as railways, highways, pipelines and canals etc. as obtained by a surveyor and it also involved the proper assessment of natural and man-made features.
In addition, this type of survey should be applied when there is need for alignment, expansion, or rehabilitation at any existing route (road) e.g. for traffic purposes. The reason is that route survey provides a plan/map that shows the alignment, details, profile and cross sectional leveling which depicts the nature of the terrain of a given strip of land which serves the purpose of location, design and construction of route networks.
Good road network is one of the basic amenities needed by human being as movement is one of the characteristics of living things. There are needs for people to move from one place to the other and transportation of goods and services. Therefore for any meaningful development in a country, good road is a must.
1.2 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT
It was discovered that the route from Oyun to olorun village moro Local government Ilorin, Kwara State, had been badly eroded and full of potholes; also, the road is found to be too narrow and needed to be extended considering the volume of traffic plying the road. Rehabilitation of this road should be carried out in other to increase its carrying capacity thereby increase the physical development and human activities therein. Due to these, certain information about the road must be acquired which calls for route survey so as to get the baseline data necessary for the road design.
The main aim of this project is:
To carry-out Route Survey of Oyun-Oloru road in Moro local government area, Ilorin, Kwara State
1.3.2 OBJECTIVES
In actualization of the said aim of the project, the following objectives
Were followed sequentially:
(i) Reconnaissance which include office planning and field reconnaissance.
(ii) Identification of existing features and adjoining roads.
(iii) Stability of the ground controls to be use for orientation.
(iv) Determination of centre line and marking of chainages along the centre line at an interval of 25m.
(v) Marking out some selected points for the cross-sectioning at intervals of 3m to the right and left on the profile and also the edges of drainage was marked.
(vi) Leveling to determine the height of some selected points along the road.
(vii) Detailing by the use of a total station Mato NTS352R
(viii) Plan production (graphical representation of the surveyed road way) drawn with appropriate scale.
(ix) Reports write up.
1.4 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
The following are the specification to be ascertained in the project:
(i) Traverse must commence on three coordinated (known) controls and closed on another set of three coordinated controls which must be confirmed undisturbed by necessary measurement (control checks).
(ii) Third order theodolite traverse must be run along the route on all turning points at one zero observation and the angular difference from both faces should not be more than thirty seconds (30″), the angular misclosure is determined by 30″vn,
Where ‘n’ is the total number of station observed.
(iii) Establishing traverse points by using pegs together with nails and bottle corks.
(iv) Spirit leveling must commence on a known benchmark and closed back on another known benchmark. Formulae for its misclosure are ±24mmvk, where ‘k’ is the total distance covered in kilometers.
(v) Leveling must be observed at every 25m intervals on the centre line and at 5m intervals on both sides of the centre line for the cross sectioning. Edges of drainage at both sides should be heightened.
(vi) Fixing of relevant features to enhance assessment and necessary composition for good interpretation of plan.
(vii) Setting out curve by using deflection angle method within third other survey.
(viii) The accuracy of the project must fall within the order of the project.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The entire project covered the following:-
(i) Reconnaissance (both office planning and field reconnaissance).
(ii) Data acquisition:
(a) Selection of stations.
(b) Traverse angular observation and data recording.
(c) Linear measurement with the aid of Mato NTS352R total station.
(d) Spirit leveling of traverse centre line and adjacent sides (longitudinal or profile and cross sectioning).
(e) Fixing of details by tacheometry method.
(iii)Computations to determine:
(a) Horizontal coordinates (i.e. x and y coordinates)
(b) Vertical coordinates (i.e. z coordinates) by level reduction.
(c) Setting out angles and distance for the curve.
(iii) Data analysis i.e. comparing result obtained with the required accuracy.
(iv) Data presentation :
(a) Production of horizontal alignment (i.e. plan showing existing features and the propose route).
(b) Production of longitudinal section plan
(c) Production of cross section plan
(d)Project report writing: – This involves writing of detail report in connection with entire project done in conformity with the outline given by the project supervisor.
1.6 PERSONNEL
The underlisted names are the personnel that participated in the execution of this project. They are:
1. ABDUL RAHEEM SADIAT FUNKE HND/16/SGI/FT/001 (writer)
2. ADENIYI ADEBOWALE OLUMIDE HND/16/SGI/FT/025
3. AWONIRAN SAKIRU OPEYEMI HND/16/SGI/FT/015
4. HAMMED KAZEEM BOLAJI HND/16/SGI/FT/018
1.7 STUDY AREA
The project site is the route from Oyun to olorun village moro Local Government area Ilorin, Kwara State. It cover approximately 3.km extent of land.
SHARE PROJECT MATERIALS ON:
Route Survey Of The Stretch Of Road:
To conduct a route survey of a stretch of road, you’ll need to follow a systematic approach to gather relevant data. Here’s a general outline of the steps involved:
- Define the Scope: Determine the specific stretch of road you’ll be surveying and the purpose of the survey. Are you assessing the condition of the road, planning for expansion, or evaluating safety measures?
- Obtain Necessary Permissions: If the road is public or private property, ensure you have the appropriate permissions to conduct the survey.
- Equipment Preparation: Gather all necessary equipment, including surveying instruments such as total stations, GPS receivers, leveling instruments, measuring tapes, and other relevant tools.
- Field Surveying:
- Baseline Data Collection: Begin by establishing a baseline for your survey. Measure the length, width, and slope of the road. Note any existing features such as buildings, utilities, trees, and signage.
- Topographic Survey: Use surveying instruments to collect data on the terrain, including elevation changes, curves, and any obstacles that might affect the road’s design or construction.
- Traffic Analysis: Assess traffic patterns, including volume, speed, and types of vehicles using the road. This information is crucial for planning road improvements or safety measures.
- Geotechnical Investigation: If necessary, conduct soil tests to assess the soil’s composition and stability along the road route.
- Environmental Assessment: Identify any environmental factors that might impact road construction or maintenance, such as wetlands, protected habitats, or archaeological sites.
- Data Analysis: Once you’ve collected all necessary data, analyze it to identify any potential challenges, opportunities, or areas for improvement along the road stretch.
- Report Preparation: Compile your findings into a comprehensive report that includes detailed maps, survey data, analysis, and recommendations for future action. Present your findings to relevant stakeholders, such as government agencies, transportation departments, or construction firms.
- Implementation: If your survey identifies areas for improvement, work with stakeholders to develop and implement plans for road maintenance, repair, or expansion.
- Monitoring and Maintenance: Periodically revisit the surveyed stretch of road to monitor its condition and ensure that any recommended improvements are implemented and maintained over time.
Remember to adhere to safety protocols and local regulations throughout the survey process, and consider consulting with experts in fields such as civil engineering, transportation planning, and environmental science to ensure a comprehensive and accurate assessment.