A Water Purification Unit is a sophisticated system designed to eliminate impurities and contaminants from water, ensuring its safety for consumption and various applications. Employing advanced filtration technologies, these units efficiently remove pollutants such as sediments, bacteria, and chemicals, guaranteeing the delivery of clean and potable water. The significance of a Water Purification Unit lies in its ability to enhance water quality, addressing concerns related to health and environmental impact. By utilizing innovative methods like reverse osmosis and UV disinfection, these systems play a crucial role in promoting access to safe drinking water and supporting sustainable water management practices. The integration of cutting-edge techniques in water treatment underscores the unit’s role in safeguarding public health and environmental well-being, making it an indispensable tool in addressing contemporary water quality challenges.
Water Purification Unit or filtration unit is designed in way that it will give a nice result. Like in our filtration, we have sand and carbon filter that were responded to separate the suspended solid particles, odour and taste of the water, which will give a very nice filtered water at the end of the filtration. This unit has no chemical engineering operation, but a physical separation process that will separate the dead micro organisms and the task, colour odor of the water. The chlorine content or amount of chlorine that should be close to water that full our bucket should be 4mgll and if it is hard water it will be
reduced to 3mgll. The sand was suspended on a net, where it was arranged in layers, gravel or coast sand, semi coast, and fine sand, while in carbon, also suspended on a net, where coast sand was first layer before the polished and graded carbon.
TITLE PAGE
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION TO WATER PURIFICATION UNIT
OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK
THE SCOPE OF THE WORK
METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
WATER AS THE NATURAL SOLUTION
SOURCES OF WATER
FEATURES OF WATER
WATER AS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
POLARITY OF WATERMOLECULES
HARDNESS OF DRINKING WATER
FLOURIDE IN DRINKING WATER
TURBIDITY MEASURES
WATER TREATMENT
NEED FOR TREATMENT OF THESE WELL WATER
TREATMENT OF THE WELL WATER
COMPONENT OF PURIFICATION
DISINFECTION
FLUORIDATION
CHLORINATION
FILTRATION
SAND FILTRATION
CARBON FILTRATION
BACKWASHING OF THE SAND FILTER TANK
OTHER FILTRATION TECHNIQUES
CROSS FLOW FILTRATION
MICRO FILTRATION
ULTRA FILTRATION
NANO FILTRATION
REVERSED OSMOSIS (RO)
CARTRIDGE FILTRATION
CHEMICAL STO AID PROPER FILTRATION
CHEMICAL WATER PURIFICATION
CLARIFICATION
DEIONIZATION AND SOFTENING
OTHER TECHNIQUES OF WATER PURIFICATION UNDER CHEMICAL DISINFECTIONS
WATER PURFICATION UNTITS
PURIFICATION THEORY
OTHER WATER PURIFICATION UNITS
CHAPTER THREE
CONSTRUCTION OF WATER PURFICATION UNIT MATERIAL SELECTION
ITEMIZATION OF THE PROCDURE
DRAWING FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER PURIFICATION UNIT
PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
TEST FOR COLOUR
TEST FOR TURBIDITY
TEST FOR ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY (E.C)
TEST OF TOTAL DISSOLVES SOLIDS (T.D.S)
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
DETERMINATION OF PH
BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR WATER PURIFICATION UNIT
FLOW DIAGRAM FOR WATER PURIFICATION
CHAPTER FOUR
TESTING OF THE EQUIPMENT & DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
EXPENSES
OTHER EXPENSES
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION TO WATER PURIFICATION UNIT
Technologies for water treatment are now well established and are capable of producing almost any degree of purity. The main issue surrounding the selection of any given process lies in deciding which is the most appropriate and applicable technology for the particular social, political and economic environment. Hence this report concentrate on the construction of a filtration unit or purification unit to be used in filtering water suspended particle.
Water is an oxide of hydrogen, when dry hydrogen is ignited in air, it burns with a faint blue flame to give steam, which will condonse on any cold surface to form water.
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g)
Hydrogen Oxygen Hydrogen oxide (water)
Water is one of the most common substance known. It constitutes bont 70% by mass of the earth surface.
Fundamentally, water is essential for life to exist. Man drinks between 700 and 1000liters of water every year. If one lose more than 20% water there is a sever risk of damage to one’s health. Water has a wide range of applications both domestic and industrial wise. The quality standards of water suitable for some purpose can be defined in fairly definite terms whereas the quality of water required for other uses is quite variable. Thus, the degree of purity of any water limits its uses or application. Hence, the need for water purification unit. Water purification units are of various types and functions. One could be to reduce the level of turbidity and colour, or the remove the bacterial load or more still to reduce the total dissolved solid. However, there is need for clarity of water before you ever talk of further purification needs. Hence the motive of this project which is to design a purification unit that will take care of the clarity of the water.
OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK.
The major objective of the project is to examine and study the fundamentals of water purification units, particularly the filtration unit.
Thus, it is aimed at designing and constructing a filtration unit, that can filter water for use in areas where water is needed in a medium scale.
Therefore, the objectives of the project can be summarized as follow.
(1) To construct a filtration unit ie both standard carbon filter.
(2) To design and construct process flow system for the water filtration unit.
(3) To use locally available water source for sample and treatment.
THE SCOPE OF THE WORK
In the project we intend to cover the filtration aspect of water treatment as it concerns design and construction of the filtration unit. Two filtration units will be constructed, one for sand, one for carbon.
Locally sourced water will be analyzed Raw and after passing through the unit.
METHODOLOGY
In this case, we will search the literature in water purification unit particularly filtration unit. Construction of this unit in the workshop and experimental of the water used in the unit test run.
SHARE PROJECT MATERIALS ON:
Water Purification Unit:
A water purification unit is a device or system designed to remove impurities and contaminants from water to make it safe for consumption or various industrial and commercial applications. Purifying water is essential to ensure its quality and safety for human consumption and to meet specific requirements in different industries. There are various methods and technologies used in water purification units, depending on the source water and the level of purification required. Here are some common components and methods often found in water purification units:
Water Source: Water purification units can be designed for various water sources, such as groundwater, surface water (rivers and lakes), or even seawater. The choice of source water determines the specific purification processes needed.
Pre-Treatment: Many purification units include pre-treatment processes to remove larger particles and substances that could clog or damage subsequent purification equipment. Pre-treatment may involve screens, sedimentation tanks, or chemical coagulation.
Filtration: Filtration is a common method to remove suspended particles, sediment, and larger microorganisms from water. Different types of filters, such as sand filters, activated carbon filters, or membrane filters, can be used depending on the application.
Chemical Treatment: Chemical treatment involves adding chemicals like chlorine, ozone, or ultraviolet (UV) disinfection to kill or inactivate bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms in the water.
Reverse Osmosis: Reverse osmosis (RO) is a process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from water, making it useful for desalination and producing highly purified water.
Distillation: Distillation involves heating water to create steam and then condensing the steam to remove impurities. It’s an effective method for producing purified water but can be energy-intensive.
Ion Exchange: Ion exchange systems use resins to exchange ions in the water with other ions, effectively removing specific contaminants like heavy metals or hardness ions.
Adsorption: Adsorption processes involve using activated carbon or other adsorbent materials to capture and remove contaminants and impurities from the water.
Biological Treatment: Some purification units use biological processes like activated sludge or biofiltration to break down organic matter and remove pollutants.
Monitoring and Quality Control: Water purification units often include monitoring systems to ensure water quality meets the required standards. Sensors, meters, and controls are used to continuously assess the water’s characteristics.
Storage and Distribution: After purification, the treated water is typically stored in tanks or reservoirs before being distributed to homes, businesses, or industrial processes.
Waste Disposal: Purification units generate waste products, such as brine from desalination or sludge from filtration. Proper disposal or treatment of these waste products is essential to minimize environmental impact.
Water purification units can vary in size and complexity, from small home water filters to large municipal treatment plants. The choice of purification method depends on factors like the quality of the source water, the desired level of purity, and the intended use of the treated water. Ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water is crucial for public health and various industrial processes, making water purification units vital in many areas of the world.