Design And Construction Of A Smart Emergency Lighting System

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In today’s world, a considerable portion of consumed energy in electrical network is changed to artificial lighting. With the increase in energy consumption by various segments in relation to difficulty of generation, the importance of efficient ways of lighting can be investigated. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used in low-light-level applications. Use of LEDs for signalization has been well known for more than a decade and for many different applications. In most activities, the lighting is needed. Therefore, the emergency lighting systems have become important (Peter, 2015). They have been considered as safety item and are required in many environments. They are installed in halls, ladders, garages, elevators, restaurants and other public environments ensuring lighting in the absence of electricity. Emergency lights are considered as extremely important for workplaces because they may be the only means of light available for the farmers or workers during emergency situations. The battery powered lights ensure that the workers can easily find an exit with relative ease (Peter, 2015).

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity. Modern lives require a continuous supply of electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of an ordinary refrigerator. If one experiences a power off situation, your food will be spoilt. But much more important, what if the power failure “spoils” your business. For example, uninterrupted power supply is needed for your server, which manages your accounting programme or provides uninterrupted operation of your website (Peter, 2015).

Emergency lights are very useful electrical gadgets and are quite popular, too. During a power failure this device is able to instantly illuminate through battery backup and never allow us to stumble in the darkness.

This study is focused on building an automatic emergency system. The automatic emergency lights built with LEDs are proven to provide adequate lighting for a longer period of time. The automatic emergency lights will provide you with a light-sensing feature. This will give you an automatic supply of electricity in case of emergency situations.

The idea of the present emergency light circuit is truly compact, highly advanced, and may be kept plugged into the mains socket for a permanent automatic operation. The use of a Li-Ion battery makes it infinitely long lasting.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Power failure causes total darkness during night or dark hours which cause occupants of the house hitting or dashing their leg or feet against house properties such as center table which can cause serious injury to the occupant. Emergency lighting system came to solve this problem – itautomatically illuminates the house when power outage occurs.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVESOF THE PROJECT
The main aim of the work is to construct a device that when a power outage occurs, the lamp automatically illuminates and switches OFF the lamp automatically when power is restored. The objectives of the study are:

1. To develop a compact and low-cost electronic circuit to drive and control the current of LEDs arranged in a single enclosure.
2. To ensure that there will be adequate light provided when mains lighting fails.
3. To automatically supply electricity in case of emergency situations.
4. To reduce the level of domestic accident.
5. To ensure that people within the building can evacuate safely in the event of an emergency.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device provides light when the ordinary lighting fails due to a power cut. Required especially in villages where there are long power cuts. It is important to install it near stairs or the place where level changes. Near safety signs it should be installed.

Basically a battery packed light device. This automatically switched on when the light is switched off or there is a blackout. It is common in commercial and standard residential buildings. This device is:

1. Battery Efficient
2. Pollution free.
3. Easy to use.
4. Very cheap
5. Easy to install anywhere.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work covers building an automatic emergency light. It is considered a device which has its one end connected to a power source and when the power supply is cut, the bulb glows with a rechargeable battery. emergency lighting work on the principle that when a power failure occurs in a household at night, a power failure light responds to provide emergency illumination so that the occupants may move about safely in order to take measures to restore the illumination either by changing fuses, if necessary, or by finding and deploying other light sources such as candles, portable electric lanterns, or the like. The automation of the system is based on light dependent sensor used.