Design And Construction Of A Fuse Tube Light Glower Without Any Electric Choke

ABSTRACT

This work is fuse tube light glower which used no electric choke. A tube light glower, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow. A fluorescent lamp used converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently than incandescent lamps. The luminous efficacy of a fluorescent light bulb can exceed 100 lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of an incandescent bulb with comparable light output.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.1   INTRODUCTION

1.2  BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.3   OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.4   SIGNIFICANCES OF THE PROJECT

1.5   APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

1.6   THE PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

1.7   THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

1.8    ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1.9    LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1.10   PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1   REVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.2    HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FLUORESCENT LAMP

2.3     COMMERCIALIZATION OF FLUORESCENT LAMPS

CHAPTER THREE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.1      SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2      SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      PART LISTS

3.4    CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.5    DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1   CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

4.2   TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.3    OBSERVATION

4.4    CASING AND ASSEMBLING OF THE SYSTEM

CHAPTER FIVE

• SUMMARY
• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

In ancient time, much of the indoor work done by human depended up daylight

Of sun being available, which was created by God as the first thing. Today almost all building has electric lighting installed and all indoor and out of door work can be done at any time of the day or night.  Good lightering provides safety, efficient work and comfortable surrounding lighting scheme are designed using different types of light fitting or luminous in modern term to control the distribution of light.

Due to the importance of lighting, the introduction a tube lamp came out, which shall be able to supply light energy at any particular time of the day or night as the need may be.

In the course of this work we are focusing on fuse tube light glower without any electric choke, which is a lamp that converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently than incandescent lamps. The luminous efficacy of a tube light bulb can exceed 100 lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of an incandescent bulb with comparable light output.

Light glower or lantern is a portable lighting device or mounted light fixture used to illuminate broad areas. Lanterns may also be used for signaling, as torches, or as general light sources outdoors. Low light level varieties are used for decoration. The term “lantern” is also used more generically to mean a light source, or the enclosure for a light source.

Tube light is not connected in the supply main directly. Although it operates at 230 V, 50 Hz, some auxiliary electrical components are used to insert in this installation to support the tube light operational principle. Such components are resistor, electric starter and full wave rectifier.

1.1                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Fluorescence of certain rocks and other substances had been observed for hundreds of years before its nature was understood. By the middle of the 19th century, experimenters had observed a radiant glow emanating from partially evacuated glass vessels through which an electric current passed. One of the first to explain it was the Irish scientist Sir George Stokes from the University of Cambridge, who named the phenomenon “fluorescence” after fluorite, a mineral many of whose samples glow strongly due to impurities. The explanation relied on the nature of electricity and light phenomena as developed by the British scientists Michael Faraday in the 1840s and James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s.

Little more was done with this phenomenon until 1856 when German glassblower Heinrich Geissler created a mercury vacuum pump that evacuated a glass tube to an extent not previously possible. Geissler invented the first gas-discharge lamp, the Geissler tube, consisting of a partially evacuated glass tube with a metal electrode at either end. When a high voltage was applied between the electrodes, the inside of the tube lit up with a glow discharge. By putting different chemicals inside, the tubes could be made to produce a variety of colors, and elaborate Geissler tubes were sold for entertainment. More important, however, was its contribution to scientific research. One of the first scientists to experiment with a Geissler tube was Julius Plücker who systematically described in 1858 the luminescent effects that occurred in a Geissler tube. He also made the important observation that the glow in the tube shifted position when in proximity to an electromagnetic field. Alexandre Edmond Becquerel observed in 1859 that certain substances gave off light when they were placed in a Geissler tube. He went on to apply thin coatings of luminescent materials to the surfaces of these tubes. Fluorescence occurred, but the tubes were very inefficient and had a short operating life.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

Tube light was known before by using electric choke for major parts of the components used. But in this work the objective is to build a fuse tube light glower that uses no electric choke.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Fluorescent Lamps are a lamp type that is commonly used to provide illumination for settings such as commercial lighting, industrial lighting, classroom lighting, and retail lighting. The sizes, light colors, and wattage of tubes vary significantly. The importance of this work is for illumination. They highly choose because of its simplicity and safety, that is, it can be hanged, and continues with your adventures into the night.

Fuse tube light glower is common in lamps: both outdoor and indoor; fluorescent light is used as back light for LCD displays; decorative lighting and sings, and both in high bay and small area general lighting. Not used for lighting from afar due to the diffuse nature of the light.

1.4                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Fuse tube light  is used in many places such as:

• In school library, hall and labs
• Churches
• Workshop
• Homes, etc

All are for the purpose of illuminating of such environment.

1.5                                          THE PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

Reasons for choosing to build fuse tube light glower and not any other project are:-

1. For knowledge sake
2. To help the society by production and illumination of environment

iii.        To be able to maintain repair and damaged tube lamps.

1. To be able to design circuit diagram

1.6                                             THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of the project is the ability to do or achieve the project. The scope also includes the step, which intended in executing the project. The circuit comprises a bridge rectifier and a starter where, starter is used to boost up the voltage and is connected to the fuse side of tube light as shown in figure. The mains voltage is direct rectified using bridge rectifier made for four general purpose diode

1.7                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

• Energy efficient- so far the best light for interior lighting
• Low production cost (of tubes)
• Long life of tubes
• Good selection of desired color temperature (cool whites to warm whites)
• Diffused light (good for general, even lighting, reducing harsh shadows)

1.8                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

This work is limited on designing and constructing fuse tube light glower.

• This device will stop working whenever there is power failure, that means, it is not rechargeable.
• The light focuses on where the tube is pointed rather than bathing the wider area in light.
• The flicker of the high frequency can be imitated to humans (eye strain, headaches and migraines)
• Diffused light (not good when you need a focused beam such as in a headlight or flashlight)
• There is a small amount of mercury in the tubes
• A Imitating licker at the end of the life cycle.
• The device is powered directly to ac mains, and can easily get burnt when high voltage is experienced in the mains if it is not properly regulated.

1.9                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.