Design On Construction Of A Drone With Surveillance Camera And Insecticide Sprayer

ABSTRACT

Technologies have made agriculture to evolve from manual to automatic which is involved in today’s Agriculture, out of which is spraying pesticides using drones which is one of the emerging technologies. Manual praying has many disadvantages and this paved the way to design a drone mounted with spraying mechanism having 12 V pump, 6 Litre storage capacity tank,4 nozzles to atomize in fine spray , an octocopter configuration frame ,suitable landing frame, 8 Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors with suitable propellers to produce required thrust about 38.2 KG(at 100% RPM) and suitable Lithium- Polymer (LI-PO) battery of current capacity 22000 mAh to meet necessary current and voltage requirements. A First-Person View (FPV) camera (surveillance camira) and transmitter can also be fixed in the drone for monitoring the spraying process and also for checking pest attacks on plants. This pesticide spraying drone reduces the time, number of labor and cost of pesticide application. This type of drone can also be used to spray disinfectant liquids over buildings, water bodies and in highly populated areas by changing the flow discharge of the pump.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• AN OVERVIEW OF DRONE
• REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• DESIGN AND WORKING OF OCTOCOPTER
• CONSTRUCTION
• SYSTEM WORKING
• COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS

4.1     RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                  INTRODUCTION

1.1                                     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The UAV is commonly known as UAS or, more precisely, as a drone, which can fly autonomously. UAV traditionally has a steadfast backdrop in aerodynamics, momentum arrangements, and theoretical physics’ practical rules. In the recent few years, it has also been a band of smart agriculture [Yallappa et al, 2017]. Smart agriculture is data-driven; UAVs can correctly receive and equitably distribute this information, allowing producers to take steps based on individual soil circumstances. Precision farming, crop monitoring, geographical tracking, and field mapping are a few sectors where UAVs play a massive role [Yallappa et al, 2017]. Image analysis is the essence of a UAV. In image analysis, the photos are promptly captured by UAV camera, and it is then adjusted to enhance the quality using various software to explore typically and precisely the target area and correctly recognize the unconventional objects. Agricultural UAV properly utilizes image processing to save an accurate record of plants’ growth, quality of the active area, pest control, etc. The dynamic UAV marketplace is presently strongly patchy, with diverse software providers and professionals competing fiercely in addition to leading manufacturers, and the predicted value of UAV Solutions in the agricultural industry is more than $32 billion [Kurkute et al, 2018].

The Nigerian Agricultural sector is the most important sector as it amounts to a staggering 18% of Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and also provides employment to 50% of the national human workforce. Our country is dependent on agriculture so much, has yet to tap into the real potential of agriculture, because of improper methods of monitoring crops and the irrigation patterns and the pesticides required to be applied. This project aims to develop Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overcoming this problem and also spay large amounts of pesticides within smaller interval of time using Octocopter.

1.2                               PROBLEM STATEMENT

Manual insecticide spraying involves much labour takes much time and the spraying causes many harmful side effects to the personnel involved in the spraying process. The Exposure effects can range from mild skin irritation to birth defects, tumors, genetic changes, blood and nerve disorders, endocrine disruption, coma or death. The WHO (World Health Organization) estimated as one million cases of ill affected, when spraying the pesticides in the crop field manually (WHO, 2017). It was because of these problems that led to invention of agricultural drone. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was built to overcome these problems.

1.3                               AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this work is to carry out a research on the invention of drone for surveillance and agricultural purpose. The objectives are:

1. To provide easier, faster, and cheaper method of agriculture.
2. To increase productivity.

• To promote the health of agriculturist.

1.4                               SIGINIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work will throw more light on the best techniques for monitoring and pest/insect control. This study will also be designed to be of immense benefit to all the users of drone and also to intended users of the device.

With this study, all the application of the drone shall be made known to the reader

1.5                               SCOPE OD THE STUDY

The scope of this work is on a drone for agricultural purpose. The device was built with spraying mechanism having 12 V pump, 6 Litre storage capacity tank,4 nozzles to atomize in fine spray , an octocopter configuration frame ,suitable landing frame, 8 Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors with suitable propellers to produce required thrust about 38.2 KG(at 100% RPM) and suitable Lithium- Polymer (LI-PO) battery of current capacity 22000 mAh to meet necessary current and voltage requirements.

1.6                               LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding drone and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

• Time Constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

1.7                                            DEFINITION OF TERMS

Surveillance:Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, activities, or information for the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing or directing

Aircraft: An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.

Unmanned Aerial: An unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft without a human pilot on board

1.8                                                           THESIS ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.