Otolaryngology (Ear, Nose & Throat) Project Topics & Materials PDF

List of Best Otolaryngology (Ear, Nose & Throat) Project Topics & their Complete (PDF, DOC) Materials for Students

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Research Areas

Recent Otolaryngology (Ear, Nose & Throat) Project Topics & Research Material Areas for Final Year & Undergraduate Students (in Nigeria & Other Countries)

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  • Introduction to Otolaryngology Research: Otolaryngology, commonly referred to as ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) medicine, encompasses a broad spectrum of disorders and conditions affecting the head and neck region. Research in this field spans various disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and surgery.
  • Hearing Loss and Auditory Disorders: One prominent area of research focuses on hearing loss and auditory disorders. Investigations may delve into the mechanisms of hearing loss, including genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and therapeutic interventions such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and regenerative medicine approaches.
  • Tinnitus: Tinnitus, the perception of noise or ringing in the ears, is another significant research area within otolaryngology. Studies explore its etiology, neural mechanisms, and potential treatments ranging from cognitive-behavioral therapies to pharmacological interventions.
  • Vestibular Disorders: Research into vestibular disorders, which affect balance and spatial orientation, seeks to understand conditions like vertigo, Meniere’s disease, and vestibular migraines. Investigations may involve diagnostic techniques, vestibular rehabilitation, and novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Rhinosinusitis: Rhinosinusitis, inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, is a common condition with diverse underlying causes. Research efforts aim to improve diagnostic accuracy, refine treatment algorithms, and explore novel interventions such as topical therapies and immunomodulators.
  • Nasal Polyps: Nasal polyps are benign growths within the nasal passages that can cause significant morbidity. Research in this area focuses on elucidating the pathogenesis of nasal polyps, optimizing medical and surgical management, and exploring the role of biologics in refractory cases.
  • Sinonasal Tumors: Sinonasal tumors encompass a wide range of neoplastic entities, including benign and malignant lesions. Research endeavors aim to enhance early detection through imaging modalities and biomarkers, refine surgical techniques for optimal tumor resection, and investigate adjuvant therapies to improve outcomes.
  • Allergic Rhinitis: Allergic rhinitis, characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa in response to allergen exposure, is a prevalent condition worldwide. Research explores allergen-specific immunotherapy, pharmacological interventions, and environmental modifications to mitigate symptoms and reduce disease burden.
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): OSA, a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial upper airway obstruction during sleep, has significant implications for cardiovascular health and daytime functioning. Research efforts focus on identifying risk factors, improving diagnostic tools, and evaluating various treatment modalities, including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), oral appliances, and surgical interventions.
  • Head and Neck Cancer: Head and neck cancer encompasses malignancies affecting the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and adjacent structures. Research initiatives aim to unravel the molecular mechanisms driving tumor development and progression, refine multimodal treatment approaches, and explore targeted therapies and immunotherapy strategies.
  • Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders: Disorders of the thyroid and parathyroid glands represent a diverse array of conditions, including thyroid nodules, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and parathyroid adenomas. Research endeavors focus on diagnostic modalities such as ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy, as well as surgical innovations like minimally invasive thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.
  • Salivary Gland Disorders: Salivary gland disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions ranging from sialolithiasis (salivary gland stones) to neoplasms such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Research in this field aims to optimize diagnostic algorithms, refine surgical techniques including sialendoscopy, and explore emerging therapies such as sialagogues and botulinum toxin injections.
  • Cleft Lip and Palate: Cleft lip and palate are congenital anomalies resulting from incomplete fusion of facial structures during embryonic development. Research efforts focus on understanding the genetic and environmental factors contributing to orofacial clefting, optimizing surgical repair techniques, and addressing associated issues such as speech and hearing deficits.
  • Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery encompass a broad range of procedures aimed at restoring form and function following trauma, congenital anomalies, or oncologic resection. Research initiatives focus on advancing surgical techniques, optimizing patient outcomes, and exploring innovative approaches such as tissue engineering and 3D printing.
  • Pediatric Otolaryngology: Pediatric otolaryngology addresses a wide array of conditions affecting children, including congenital anomalies, airway disorders, and recurrent infections. Research endeavors aim to enhance early detection of hearing loss, refine surgical interventions such as adenotonsillectomy and tympanostomy tube placement, and improve outcomes in complex cases such as pediatric head and neck tumors.
  • Voice Disorders: Voice disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions affecting vocal quality, pitch, and resonance, often resulting from structural, neurological, or functional abnormalities. Research in this field explores diagnostic tools such as laryngoscopy and acoustic analysis, therapeutic modalities including voice therapy and vocal fold augmentation, and surgical interventions such as phonosurgery.
  • Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR): LPR, also known as silent reflux, refers to the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx and pharynx, leading to a constellation of symptoms including hoarseness, throat clearing, and globus sensation. Research efforts focus on elucidating the pathophysiology of LPR, refining diagnostic criteria, and evaluating pharmacological and behavioral interventions.
  • Smell and Taste Disorders: Disorders of smell (olfaction) and taste (gustation) can significantly impact quality of life and nutritional status. Research initiatives aim to unravel the mechanisms underlying anosmia, hyposmia, and dysgeusia, develop standardized diagnostic tests, and explore potential therapeutic interventions such as olfactory training and taste modification strategies.
  • Facial Pain Syndromes: Facial pain syndromes encompass a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by persistent or recurrent pain involving the face, jaw, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Research endeavors focus on elucidating underlying mechanisms, improving diagnostic accuracy, and exploring multimodal treatment approaches including pharmacotherapy, nerve blocks, and cognitive-behavioral interventions.
  • Temporal Bone Disorders: The temporal bone houses critical structures including the inner ear, facial nerve, and vestibulocochlear nerve, making it susceptible to a variety of disorders ranging from infections to neoplasms. Research in this area aims to optimize diagnostic imaging techniques such as CT and MRI, refine surgical approaches including mastoidectomy and cochlear implantation, and explore novel therapies for conditions like superior semicircular canal dehiscence.
  • Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL): SSNHL is characterized by a rapid-onset hearing loss of at least 30 dB in three contiguous frequencies over a period of 72 hours or less. Research efforts focus on elucidating potential etiologies, refining diagnostic criteria, and evaluating various treatment modalities including corticosteroids, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and antiviral agents.
  • Otitis Media: Otitis media, inflammation of the middle ear, encompasses a spectrum of conditions ranging from acute otitis media (AOM) to chronic otitis media with effusion (COME). Research initiatives aim to optimize diagnostic algorithms, evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and tympanostomy tubes, and explore adjunctive therapies such as intranasal corticosteroids and pneumococcal vaccines.
  • Facial Nerve Disorders: Facial nerve disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), including Bell’s palsy, facial nerve tumors, and traumatic injuries. Research endeavors focus on elucidating mechanisms of injury and regeneration, optimizing diagnostic approaches such as electroneurography and MRI, and refining surgical techniques including facial nerve decompression and nerve grafting.
  • Dysphagia: Dysphagia, difficulty swallowing, can result from various etiologies including neurological disorders, structural abnormalities, and malignancies. Research efforts aim to improve diagnostic methods such as videofluoroscopy and esophageal manometry, develop targeted interventions such as swallowing therapy and botulinum toxin injections, and explore novel approaches including neuromodulation techniques.
  • Airway Disorders: Airway disorders encompass conditions affecting the upper and lower airways, including tracheal stenosis, subglottic stenosis, and tracheomalacia. Research initiatives focus on refining diagnostic modalities such as bronchoscopy and imaging studies, optimizing surgical interventions including laryngotracheal reconstruction and tracheostomy, and exploring emerging therapies such as stent placement and tissue engineering.
  • Neurotology: Neurotology is a subspecialty within otolaryngology that focuses on disorders of the inner ear and lateral skull base. Research in this field encompasses conditions such as vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma), superior semicircular canal dehiscence, and labyrinthitis. Investigations aim to refine diagnostic techniques such as vestibular function testing and auditory brainstem response (ABR), optimize surgical approaches including vestibular nerve section and labyrinthectomy, and explore novel therapies such as gene therapy and vestibular implants.
  • Orbital and Periorbital Disorders: Orbital and periorbital disorders encompass a variety of conditions affecting the structures surrounding the eye, including orbital tumors, thyroid eye disease (Graves’ orbitopathy), and orbital cellulitis. Research endeavors focus on optimizing diagnostic imaging modalities such as CT and MRI, refining surgical techniques including orbital decompression and eyelid reconstruction, and exploring adjuvant therapies such as corticosteroids and biologics.
  • Laryngeal Cancer: Laryngeal cancer, which arises from the tissues of the larynx, represents a significant oncologic burden with implications for voice, swallowing, and respiratory function. Research initiatives aim to elucidate the molecular pathways driving tumor development and progression, refine treatment algorithms incorporating surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, and explore novel therapeutic modalities including targeted agents and immunotherapy.
  • Sleep Disorders in Children: Sleep disorders in children encompass a wide range of conditions including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), parasomnias, and insomnia. Research efforts focus on elucidating the impact of sleep disturbances on cognitive and behavioral development, refining diagnostic tools such as polysomnography and actigraphy, and evaluating therapeutic interventions including adenotonsillectomy and behavioral sleep interventions.
  • Facial Trauma: Facial trauma encompasses injuries to the bones, soft tissues, and nerves of the face resulting from motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and sports-related injuries. Research endeavors aim to optimize acute management strategies including fracture reduction and soft tissue repair, minimize long-term sequelae such as malocclusion and facial asymmetry, and improve outcomes through multidisciplinary approaches involving otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, and maxillofacial surgeons.
  • Dizziness and Vertigo: Dizziness and vertigo are common complaints with diverse underlying etiologies, including vestibular disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and central nervous system pathology. Research initiatives aim to refine diagnostic algorithms incorporating vestibular function tests and neuroimaging studies, evaluate therapeutic interventions such as vestibular rehabilitation and canalith repositioning maneuvers, and explore emerging technologies including virtual reality-based vestibular rehabilitation programs.
  • Chronic Cough: Chronic cough, defined as a cough lasting more than eight weeks, can significantly impair quality of life and may be indicative of underlying respiratory, gastrointestinal, or neurologic disorders. Research endeavors focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying chronic cough, optimizing diagnostic approaches such as ambulatory cough monitoring and laryngeal sensory testing, and evaluating targeted therapies including neuromodulators and antitussive agents.
  • Nasopharyngeal Cancer: Nasopharyngeal cancer, arising from the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx, is relatively rare but disproportionately prevalent in certain populations, particularly in Southeast Asia. Research initiatives aim to elucidate the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in tumorigenesis, refine treatment strategies incorporating chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and explore novel therapeutic modalities including immunotherapy and targeted agents.
  • Dental Sleep Medicine: Dental sleep medicine focuses on the management of sleep-related breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through oral appliance therapy. Research efforts aim to optimize patient selection criteria, refine oral appliance design and titration protocols, and explore adjunctive therapies such as myofunctional therapy and positional therapy.
  • Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP): CRSwNP is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis characterized by the presence of nasal polyps and associated with significant morbidity. Research endeavors focus on elucidating the immunopathogenesis of CRSwNP, optimizing medical therapies including corticosteroids and biologics, and exploring surgical interventions such as endoscopic sinus surgery and polypectomy.
  • Skull Base Surgery: Skull base surgery encompasses a wide range of procedures aimed at treating lesions involving the cranial base, including tumors, vascular malformations, and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Research initiatives focus on refining surgical approaches such as endoscopic endonasal surgery and transcranial approaches, optimizing intraoperative navigation and imaging techniques, and minimizing complications through multidisciplinary collaboration and innovative technologies.
  • Nonsurgical Management of Head and Neck Cancer: Nonsurgical management strategies for head and neck cancer include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted agents delivered alone or in combination. Research endeavors aim to refine patient selection criteria, optimize treatment protocols including fractionation schedules and radiation techniques, and mitigate treatment-related toxicities through supportive care interventions such as nutritional supplementation and speech therapy.
  • Pediatric Airway Disorders: Pediatric airway disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions ranging from congenital anomalies such as laryngomalacia and tracheoesophageal fistula to acquired conditions such as subglottic stenosis and vocal fold paralysis. Research initiatives focus on optimizing diagnostic modalities such as flexible laryngoscopy and dynamic airway imaging, refining surgical interventions including laryngotracheal reconstruction and tracheostomy, and exploring adjunctive therapies such as balloon dilation and laser therapy.
  • Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: Oropharyngeal dysphagia, difficulty swallowing due to impairment of the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing, can result from various etiologies including neurological disorders, structural abnormalities, and neuromuscular diseases. Research efforts aim to refine diagnostic methods such as fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and high-resolution manometry, develop targeted interventions such as swallowing therapy and botulinum toxin injections, and explore novel approaches including neuromodulation techniques and regenerative therapies.
  • Minimally Invasive Techniques in Otolaryngology: Minimally invasive techniques, including endoscopic and robotic-assisted procedures, have revolutionized the field of otolaryngology by offering patients less invasive alternatives to traditional open surgery. Research endeavors focus on expanding the indications for minimally invasive approaches, refining surgical techniques and instrumentation, and evaluating long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness compared to conventional approaches.
Potential Research Topics

Otolaryngology (Ear, Nose & Throat) Final Year Project Topics & Materials for Students & Researchers

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  1. The role of genetics in otolaryngological disorders
  2. Advances in cochlear implant technology
  3. Impact of air pollution on nasal health
  4. Efficacy of voice therapy in treating vocal cord disorders
  5. Sleep apnea and its implications in otolaryngology
  6. Development of novel treatment modalities for chronic sinusitis
  7. Vestibular rehabilitation in patients with balance disorders
  8. Role of microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis
  9. Surgical management of head and neck cancers
  10. Impact of smoking on laryngeal health
  11. Evaluation of hearing aids in pediatric populations
  12. Allergic rhinitis: current treatments and future directions
  13. Vocal fold paralysis: diagnosis and management strategies
  14. Role of telemedicine in otolaryngology practice
  15. Complications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
  16. Impact of age-related hearing loss on quality of life
  17. Facial nerve rehabilitation following injury or surgery
  18. Olfactory dysfunction: causes and treatment options
  19. The role of imaging modalities in diagnosing ENT disorders
  20. Speech rehabilitation following laryngectomy
  21. Biofilms in chronic otitis media: implications for treatment
  22. Impact of nasal trauma on sinonasal function
  23. Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: diagnosis and management
  24. Thyroid nodules: evaluation and treatment guidelines
  25. Innovations in endoscopic sinus surgery
  26. Management of Meniere’s disease: medical and surgical options
  27. Oropharyngeal dysphagia: assessment and treatment approaches
  28. Role of stem cell therapy in repairing damaged vocal cords
  29. Nasal polyposis: pathophysiology and treatment strategies
  30. Evaluation of alternative medicine approaches in treating ENT disorders
  31. Complications of septoplasty and rhinoplasty
  32. Hearing loss in older adults: challenges and management
  33. Sleep disorders in children with craniofacial anomalies
  34. Impact of environmental factors on nasal mucosal immunity
  35. Surgical management of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors
  36. Impact of COVID-19 on otolaryngology practice and patient care
  37. Tinnitus: evaluation and treatment options
  38. Radiologic assessment of temporal bone pathology
  39. Anesthetic considerations in otolaryngologic surgery
  40. Role of the immune system in chronic otitis media
  41. Surgical management of Zenker’s diverticulum
  42. Voice disorders in professional singers: prevention and treatment
  43. Role of HPV in head and neck cancers
  44. Imaging modalities in evaluating laryngeal pathology
  45. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: evaluation and management
  46. Impact of nasal obstruction on sleep quality
  47. Pediatric rhinosinusitis: diagnosis and treatment guidelines
  48. Management of epistaxis in different age groups
  49. Impact of climate change on allergic rhinitis prevalence
  50. Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea
  51. Pediatric otitis media: current guidelines in diagnosis and treatment
  52. Barotrauma: implications for divers and aviators
  53. Voice outcomes following laryngeal framework surgery
  54. Role of nutrition in preventing ENT disorders
  55. Management of pediatric neck masses
  56. Anosmia and COVID-19: mechanisms and implications
  57. Otolaryngologic manifestations of autoimmune diseases
  58. Surgical management of congenital neck masses
  59. Role of music therapy in treating voice disorders
  60. Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with craniofacial anomalies
  61. Impact of allergy desensitization on rhinitis symptoms
  62. Postoperative care protocols following head and neck surgery
  63. Innovations in endoscopic ear surgery
  64. Vocal fold nodules: diagnosis and treatment strategies
  65. Role of biofeedback in treating laryngeal hyperfunction
  66. Surgical management of parapharyngeal space tumors
  67. Impact of nasal saline irrigation on sinonasal health
  68. Facial nerve monitoring in otologic surgery
  69. Evaluation of hearing preservation techniques in cochlear implantation
  70. Voice outcomes following laryngeal cancer surgery
  71. Pediatric airway foreign body aspiration: diagnosis and management
  72. Role of allergen immunotherapy in treating allergic rhinitis
  73. Imaging of temporal bone trauma: pearls and pitfalls
  74. Sleep disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
  75. Role of cytokines in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
  76. Oropharyngeal cancer: current trends and treatment strategies
  77. Impact of facial trauma on nasal function and aesthetics
  78. Rehabilitation strategies following total laryngectomy
  79. Management of acute otitis media in pediatric populations
  80. Vestibular schwannoma: current treatment options
  81. Role of acupuncture in managing ENT disorders
  82. Vocal fold augmentation: techniques and outcomes
  83. Surgical management of obstructive salivary duct disorders
  84. Impact of eustachian tube dysfunction on middle ear health
  85. Rehabilitation strategies for facial nerve paralysis
  86. Pediatric hearing loss: evaluation and management guidelines
  87. Surgical management of frontal sinus pathology
  88. Role of taste and smell in nutrition and quality of life
  89. Evaluation of patient-reported outcome measures in ENT disorders
  90. Postoperative pain management in otolaryngology
  91. Impact of hearing loss on cognitive function in older adults
  92. Surgical management of skull base tumors
  93. Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: role of adenotonsillectomy
  94. Role of HPV vaccination in preventing head and neck cancers
  95. Surgical management of nasal valve collapse
  96. Vestibular migraine: diagnosis and treatment options
  97. Role of immunotherapy in treating head and neck cancers
  98. Surgical management of parapharyngeal abscesses
  99. Impact of nasal packing on patient comfort and outcomes
  100. Role of proton pump inhibitors in treating laryngopharyngeal reflux
  101. Olfactory neuroblastoma: current treatment paradigms
  102. Sleep hygiene interventions in patients with sleep disorders
  103. Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric populations
  104. Role of nasal endoscopy in diagnosing sinonasal tumors
  105. Management of facial nerve schwannoma
  106. Impact of obesity on outcomes in ENT surgery
  107. Role of speech therapy in managing voice disorders
  108. Rehabilitation strategies for swallowing disorders
  109. Management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
  110. Surgical management of nasal septal perforations
  111. Impact of systemic diseases on sinonasal health
  112. Role of imaging in evaluating head and neck lymph nodes
  113. Surgical management of laryngotracheal stenosis
  114. Impact of secondhand smoke on pediatric otolaryngology patients
  115. Rehabilitation of velopharyngeal insufficiency
  116. Surgical management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
  117. Role of allergens in exacerbating asthma symptoms
  118. Surgical approaches to thyroidectomy
  119. Evaluation of voice outcomes in transgender individuals undergoing voice modification therapy
  120. Olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases
  121. Management of chronic laryngitis
  122. Surgical management of glottic and supraglottic stenosis
  123. Impact of electronic cigarette use on sinonasal health
  124. Role of 3D printing in otolaryngology surgery planning
  125. Surgical management of tracheal stenosis
  126. Impact of hormonal changes on voice quality in females
  127. Role of speech-language pathology in managing swallowing disorders
  128. Rehabilitation strategies following laryngeal trauma
  129. Surgical management of subglottic stenosis
  130. Impact of otitis media on speech and language development in children
  131. Role of artificial intelligence in diagnosing ENT disorders
  132. Surgical management of parotid gland tumors
  133. Evaluation of voice outcomes in patients with spasmodic dysphonia
  134. Impact of environmental allergens on otolaryngology patients
  135. Role of mindfulness-based interventions in managing tinnitus
  136. Surgical management of epiglottic stenosis
  137. Impact of screen time on pediatric sleep and ENT health
  138. Role of immunomodulatory therapies in chronic rhinosinusitis
  139. Surgical management of parapharyngeal space infections
  140. Impact of nasal irrigation on postoperative outcomes
  141. Speech outcomes following cleft palate repair
  142. Role of regenerative medicine in treating ENT disorders
  143. Surgical management of nasopharyngeal stenosis
  144. Evaluation of postoperative pain management in pediatric ENT surgery
  145. Impact of voice therapy on transgender individuals’ voice quality
  146. Role of tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) in breastfeeding difficulties
  147. Surgical management of vocal fold scar
  148. Impact of noise exposure on hearing health
  149. Role of nasal provocation testing in diagnosing allergic rhinitis
  150. Surgical approaches to lateral skull base tumors
  151. Rehabilitation strategies for facial weakness following facial nerve injury
  152. Management of pediatric neck masses: a systematic review
  153. Impact of sleep disorders on academic performance in children
  154. Role of telehealth in providing otolaryngology care
  155. Surgical management of glomus tumors of the head and neck
  156. Impact of eustachian tube dysfunction on otitis media risk
  157. Role of laryngeal electromyography in diagnosing vocal fold disorders
  158. Surgical management of salivary gland ductal calculi
  159. Evaluation of voice outcomes in patients with laryngeal papillomatosis
  160. Impact of nasal saline irrigation on postoperative outcomes following sinus surgery
  161. Role of nasal steroids in treating chronic rhinosinusitis
  162. Surgical management of osteomas of the paranasal sinuses
  163. Impact of voice disorders on psychological well-being
  164. Speech outcomes following pharyngeal flap surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency
  165. Role of microbiome in otitis media and its impact on treatment outcomes
  166. Surgical management of glottic and supraglottic cancer
  167. Impact of secondhand smoke on pediatric otitis media recurrence
  168. Role of mobile health applications in managing ENT disorders
  169. Surgical approaches to parapharyngeal space tumors: a comprehensive review
  170. Evaluation of voice outcomes in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux
  171. Impact of sleep position on pediatric otitis media risk
  172. Role of probiotics in preventing recurrent tonsillitis
  173. Surgical management of adenoid hypertrophy in pediatric populations
  174. Impact of electronic cigarette use on laryngeal health
  175. Role of virtual reality in otolaryngology surgical training
  176. Rehabilitation strategies for velopharyngeal dysfunction following cleft palate repair
  177. Surgical management of glottic insufficiency
  178. Impact of hearing loss on social isolation in older adults
  179. Role of biofeedback in treating hyperfunctional voice disorders
  180. Surgical approaches to esthesioneuroblastoma in the sinonasal region