A Survey For Chicken Infectious Anaemia And Infectious Bursal Disease
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A Survey For Chicken Infectious Anaemia And Infectious Bursal Disease In Zaria And Environs, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Chicken Infectious Anaemia (CIA) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) are two distinct viral infections that affect poultry, specifically chickens.
- Chicken Infectious Anaemia (CIA):
- Causative Agent: CIA is caused by the Chicken Infectious Anaemia Virus (CIAV), a member of the family Circoviridae.
- Transmission: It is primarily spread through the vertical transmission route, which means the virus is transmitted from infected hens to their offspring through the egg. Horizontal transmission can also occur through contaminated feed, water, and equipment.
- Clinical Signs:
- Anemia (low red blood cell count).
- Pale comb and wattles.
- Increased mortality in young chicks.
- Immunodeficiency, making birds susceptible to other infections.
- Prevention and Control:
- Vaccination is a crucial preventive measure.
- Strict biosecurity measures to prevent horizontal transmission.
- Culling of infected birds to control the spread.
- Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) or Gumboro Disease:
- Causative Agent: IBD is caused by the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), which belongs to the family Birnaviridae.
- Transmission: The virus is highly contagious and is spread through the fecal-oral route. Contaminated water, feed, and equipment can contribute to its transmission.
- Clinical Signs:
- Immunosuppression.
- Enlargement and hemorrhage of the bursa of Fabricius (an organ important for the development of the chicken’s immune system).
- Increased susceptibility to secondary infections.
- Prevention and Control:
- Vaccination is a key strategy for preventing IBD.
- Biosecurity measures to limit the introduction of the virus.
- Prompt removal and disposal of infected birds to prevent further spread.
Both CIA and IBD are economically significant diseases in the poultry industry. Effective prevention and control strategies involve a combination of vaccination, biosecurity measures, and appropriate management practices. It’s essential for poultry farmers to work closely with veterinarians to implement comprehensive disease control programs
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