Automatic Washroom Light Switching System Using Reed Switch

We turn on the lights in our washroom when we enter it and turn them off when we leave. Sometimes, we forget to turn the lights off after leaving the washroom and this may lead to power wastage and also the lifetime of the light bulbs may decrease. To avoid these problems this device was built. The aim of this work is to design and build a simple Automatic Washroom Light Switch Circuit, which will automatically turn on the when you enter the washroom and turns it off when you leave.

By automating the process this way, there are many advantages like, the person need not care about turning the light on or off whenever he/she is using the washroom. The circuit, which you will know about in a moment, does it automatically for that person.

The circuit is also designed to consume lesser power so that the circuit can be used in any household or public washrooms without worrying about the power bill.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

 INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.2      PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.3      AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.4      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

1.5      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1.6       LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1.7      PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

1.8      APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

1.9      METHODOLOGY

1.10   PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      REVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.2       OVERVIEW OF LIGHT SWITCHING SYSTEM

2.3      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION

3.1      SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2      SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      COMPONENTS REQUIRED

3.4       SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5      CIRCUIT DESIGN

3.6      DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.0      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.1      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1      CONCLUSION

5.2      RECOMMENDATION

5.3       REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In this dynamic world, the first objective of this work is to save energy. Traditionally, the controlling of bathroom lights is usually done by the occupant of the house or the user of bathroom. This is not only precarious but also sometimes results in wastage of power because of the negligence or unusual circumstances on part of the user in operating the lights ON and OFF. Apart from solving the problem of negligence, this device will solve the problem of electric shock when the user of the bathroom might use wet hand to ON or OFF the bathroom light.

This device automatically turns ON the lights when a person enters the washroom and it automatically turns it OFF when he leaves it.

By automating this, there are many advantages like, the person need not care to turn ON the light always when he is using the washroom. The circuit which we are doing does it automatically for that person. Also, the person need not turn it off after using the washroom. There is no fear that he forgets to turn it OFF. The circuit is also designed to consume lesser power so that the circuit can be used in any household or public washrooms without worrying about the power bills

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

We turn ON the lights in our washroom when we enter it and turn them off when we leave. We sometimes forget to turn OFF the lights after leaving the washroom. This may lead to power wastage and also the lifetime of the lights may decrease. To avoid these problems, this circuit which automatically turns ON the lights when a person enters the washroom and it automatically turns it OFF when he leaves it was built.

1.3                                       AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to build a circuit which will automatically turn on the when you enter the washroom and turns it off when you leave. The objectives of this work are:

1. To construct this device
2. To save energy

• To reduce human labour

1. To save washroom users from electric shock

1.4                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This work automatically turns ON the lights when a person enters the washroom and it automatically turns it OFF when the user leaves it. This circuit is also designed to consume lesser power so that the circuit can be used in any household or public washrooms without worrying about the power bills. In this circuit, we use reed switch which is used to detect the opening and closing of the door. A reed switch electrically is just a relay kind of component but unlike a relay which activates when a coil voltage is supplied, the reed switch activates when a magnetic field is detected in the vicinity.

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This system is simple and low cost automatic bathroom light circuit. The light automatically turns on when the bathroom door is opened, and remains lit in the occupied state. When the door is opened again the lamp turns off after a very short delay. This automatic circuit saves energy and greatly assists your visitors, especially at night

1.6                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Difficulty in parts gathering: I found it too difficult when gathering electronics parts used for the prototype.

1.7                                              PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

One of the problems of this device is that any anything can trigger the device, such as breeze, movement of animals inside the bathroom can trigger the system

1.8                                         APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

Apart from using this device as a washroom lighting system, this device can be used for other purposes such as:

• Useful for automatic outdoor lighting or garden lighting at home.
• Useful for automatic switching of street lights.
• Useful for switching the hoardings on and off automatically.
• Useful for self-switching operation of displaying title hoardings of companies.

1.9                                                        METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design of the device was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construction of the circuit was carried out. The construction of this project includes the placing of components on Vero boards, soldering and connection of components,

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.10                                      PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.