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Design And Construction Of An Automatic Water Pump Controller

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of an automatic water pump controller involve the development of a sophisticated system that regulates the operation of a water pump based on specific parameters such as water level, pressure, or demand. This controller integrates various components including sensors, microcontrollers, relays, and actuators to automate the pump’s functionality. Through sensor inputs, such as float switches or pressure transducers, the controller monitors the water level or pressure in the storage tank or reservoir. Utilizing programmed logic within the microcontroller, the system activates the pump when the water level drops below a predetermined threshold, ensuring a continuous water supply. Conversely, when the water reaches a certain level, the controller deactivates the pump to prevent overflow or damage. Additionally, the system may incorporate features like manual override switches or indicators for monitoring and user interaction. The successful implementation of an automatic water pump controller enhances efficiency, conserves energy, and ensures reliable water distribution in various applications, ranging from residential water systems to agricultural irrigation setups.

In countries including such as Nigeria, a city water authority supplies the clean water and pumps it into large ground-level storage tanks. A resident’s water pump then pumps the water to a water tank on top of his/her house. When the water level in the ground-level storage tank becomes too low, the pump siphons air and shuts down, requiring a resident to manually prime the water pump to get it running again. Residents struggle to monitor the water level of the tanks effectively and keep the pump running properly. To remedy the issue, the Automatic Water Pump Controller (AWPC) system monitors the water levels and controls the pump as necessary to prevent breakdown and maximize water storage without overfilling the rooftop tank and wasting water.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
- PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF WATER CONTROLLER

2.2 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SENSOR

2.3 THE CONCEPT OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTIONS METHODOLOGY

3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.3 CIRCUIT OPERATION OF THE WATER INDICATOR

3.4 COMPONENTS USED

3.5 THE WORKING PRINCIPLE

3.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.6 SPECIFICATION AND OPERATION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT

3.7 MICROPROCESSOR UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTION

4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.5 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

4.6 COST ANALYSIS

4.7 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 CONCLUSION

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

5.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Water Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set motor will control the operation of the pump- set depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination Storage Tanks. It Switches ON the Pump-set when Water level drops below pre-set level in Overhead Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full ,Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level is low in tank , and Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient water in the tank.

Automatic water level controller circuit is a engineering project. It can automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump set depending on the tank water level. You can implement this motor driver circuit at your home or college using less costly components. The main advantage of this water level controller circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user interaction.

The automatic pump controller eliminates the need for any manual switching of pumps installed for the purpose of pumping water from a reservoir to an overhead tank. It automatically switches on the pump when the water level in the tank falls below a certain low level, provided the water level in the reservoir is above a certain level . Subsequently, as the water level in the tank rises to an upper level (M), the pump switched off automatically. The pump is turned on again only when the water level again falls below level in the tank, provided the level in the reservoir is above R. This automated action continues.

1.1 BACKGROUNDOF THE PROJECT

The project “automatic water level control with an automatic pump control system” is design to monitor the level of liquid in the tank. The system has an automatic pumping system attached to it so as to refill the tank once the liquid gets to the lower threshold, while offing the pump once the liquid gets to the higher threshold. Sustainability of available water resource in many reason of the word is now a dominant issue. This problem is quietly related to poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management. Water is commonly used for agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient use and water monitoring are potential constraint for home or office water management system. Moreover, the common method of level control for home appliance is simply to start the feed pump at a low level and allow it to run until a higher water level is reached in the water tank. This water level control, controls monitor and maintain the water level in the overhead tank and ensures the continuous flow of water round the clock without the stress of going to switch the pump ON or OFF thereby saving time, energy, water, and prevent the pump from overworking Besides this, liquid level control systems are widely used for monitoring of liquid levels in reservoirs, silos. Proper monitoring is needed to ensure water sustainability is actually being reached with disbursement linked to sensing and automation, such programmatic approach entails microcontroller based automated water level sensing and controlling or using 555 timer IC.

1.3 AIMS OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to build a controlling circuit that controls the water pump motor. The motor gets automatically switched on when water in the overhead tank (OHT) falls below the lower limit. In this project sensors are place at different level of the tank and with the aid of this sensors, the micro-controller monitor the level of the liquid at any particular point in time.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objective of which the designed device is expected to accomplish is to build an automatic water level control with automatic control system. Some of the objectives are:

To design an automatic water monitoring system
To incorporate an interactive medium between the end user and the machine

To prevent over labor of the pumping machine and prevent it from getting bad

To avoid wastage of water
Since the demand of electricity is very high, automatic water level control saves energy

1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of designing this device is to avoid water wastage, overuse of water pump and to reduce the labour of the user

1.6 JUSTIFICATIONOF THE PROJECT

Automatic water level monitor came into existence because of human error and inconsistence that is associated with manually operated water pumping machine. This is because it takes time for individual who is manually operating the water pump to turn off the pumping machine and this may cause water spillage and at times the individual might not know that the water level has drop so low until the tank is completely empty. This was the problem that leads to the development of the ideal of an automatic water level control and automatic pump short down.

1.7 ADVANTAGES OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

Advantages of automatic intruder are as follows:

Suitability: These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.
Easy to Operate: these systems come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.
Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.
Materials of Construction: this water control system is protected the against corrosion.
Safety : This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.
Automatic Water Level Controller (AWLC) will automatically START the pump set as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined level (usually kept half or 2/3rd tank) and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full or water level in the lower tank is at below minimum level.
Save water: The system ensures no overflows or dry running of pump there by saves electricity and water
Save electricity: Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.

1.7 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Water level controller is an application which detects the level water then triggers the pump and blows alarm and vice versa. They are useful devices and play an important role in various industries such as automobile, irrigation, and also at homes, or wherever water is pump either underground or overhead.

1.8 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The project was design to automatically control the pump which ensures constant reserve of water in the reservoir. The scope of the design was keep concise and simple to in other not to introduce unnecessary complexities and render it generally uncomfortable. The system does not have attached complex peripheral device which though impossible for the detail printable information has been excluded for reasons of affordability material of low range and less accurate performances as opposed to a well built automatic water pump was use d to achieve this aim, the automatic water level controller detect and control the water in the tank.

This water controller will give you a heads-up the instant over-head tank and underground tank is full or goes below the required level. In this work, automatic water pump controller circuit controls the water pump motor. The motor gets automatically switched on when water in the overhead tank (OHT) falls below the lower limit. Similarly, it gets switched off when the tank is filled up. Built around only one NAND gate IC (CD4011), the circuit is simple, compact and economical. It works off a 12V DC power supply and consumes very little power.

1.9 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Water sensors used are built with conductive material, which means that they are subject to rusting or corrosion. When rusting occurred the sensors will stop conducting thereby causing this device will stop working.

Also, It is significant to know that this design is limited to 12v, 5amps electric pump and cannot be use to control industrial water pump above 5 amps

1.10 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
The biggest problem experience during the course of this project is difficulties in finding the design of the project, secondly sourcing of material and component we used for the project were difficult to find like pump

1.11 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, aim, purpose, application, justification, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work was discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

1.12 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Before carrying out any project, the block diagram must be drawn and fully understood. Block diagram gives a pictorial understanding of any work. The block diagram of the system is as below: