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Design And Construction Of An Automatic Pump Controller For Bole Hole

The design and construction of an automatic pump controller for a borehole involves creating a sophisticated system that efficiently manages the water flow from the borehole to meet various demands. This controller typically integrates sensors, such as pressure or float switches, to detect water levels and regulate the pump operation accordingly. Additionally, it incorporates electronic components like microcontrollers or programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to automate the pump’s activation and shutdown processes based on predefined parameters. The controller’s design encompasses aspects of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and software development to ensure reliable and efficient performance in controlling the water supply from the borehole.

ABSTRACT

Many times we forget to pump water to our building until when the tank is finally empty and at the same time when we are pumping the water we forget to OFF the pump when the tank is full unless when our neighbors call our attention. This device is designed to control flow and overflow pumping of water to over-head bole hole tank or well.

The System is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set motor will control the operation of the pump- set depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination Storage Tanks. It Switches ON the Pump-set when Water level drops below pre-set level in Overhead bole hole Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level is low in tank, and Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient water in the tank.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.4 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY

1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1.6 PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF WATER CONTROLLER

2.2 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SENSOR

2.3 THE CONCEPT OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTIONS METHODOLOGY

3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.3 CIRCUIT OPERATION OF THE WATER INDICATOR

3.4 COMPONENTS USED

3.5 THE WORKING PRINCIPLE

3.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.6 SPECIFICATION AND OPERATION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT

3.7 MICROPROCESSOR UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 CONSTRUCTIONS

4.1 CIRCUIT OPERATION

4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4.3 COMPONENTS REQUIREMENT

4.4 WORKING OF AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

4.5 COMPONENTS PIN-OUT

4.6 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

4.7 POWER SUPPLY COMPONENTS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

5.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN

5.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

5.3 CASING AND PACKAGING

5.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTION

5.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

5.5 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

5.6 COST ANALYSIS

5.7 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER SIX

6.1 CONCLUSION

6.2 RECOMMENDATION

6.6 BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Water Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set motor will control the operation of the pump- set depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination Storage Tanks. It Switches ON the Pump-set when Water level drops below pre-set level in Overhead Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full ,Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level is low in tank , and Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient water in the tank.

Automatic water level controller circuit is a engineering project. It can automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump set depending on the tank water level. You can implement this motor driver circuit at your home or college using less costly components. The main advantage of this water level controller circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user interaction.

The automatic pump controller eliminates the need for any manual switching of pumps installed for the purpose of pumping water from a reservoir to an overhead tank. It automatically switches on the pump when the water level in the tank falls below a certain low level, provided the water level in the reservoir is above a certain level. Subsequently, as the water level in the tank rises to an upper level (M), the pump switched off automatically. The pump is turned on again only when the water level again falls below level in the tank, provided the level in the reservoir is above R. This automated action continues.

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective this work is constructing a device that will control the flow and pumping of water in the overhead bole hole tank or underground tank (well).

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The significance of this device are as follows:

Suitability: These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.
Easy to Operate: these systems come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.
Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.
Materials of Construction: this water control system is protected against corrosion.
Safety : This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.

· The system ensures no overflows or dry running of pump there by saves electricity and water.

· Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.

1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Water level controller is an application which detects the level water then triggers the pump and blows alarm and vice versa. They are useful devices and play an important role in various industries such as automobile, irrigation, and also at homes, or wherever water is pump either underground or overhead.

1.3 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1) Automatic Water Level Controller (AWLC) will automatically START the pump set as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined level (usually kept half or 2/3rd tank) and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full or water level in the lower tank is at below minimum level.

2) This system provides you the flexibility to decide for yourself the water levels for operations of pump set in upper/lower tanks.

3) Manual operation switch for special operations like watering the plants from pump set.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This water controller will give you a heads-up the instant over-head tank and underground tank is full or goes below the required level, hopefully giving you time to close windows and bring in possessions. The circuit draws virtually no current when the sensors are dry and the current consumption is low when the buzzer is activated. Alternately, a molded power supply with a simple voltage regulator to drop the voltage to 3 volts could be used. When the circuit is triggered, the buzzer is pulsed about once per second for a very short time.

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Sensors used are built with conductive material, which means that they are subject to rusting or corrosion. When rusting occur the sensors will stop conducting thereby causing this device will stop working.

1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to Water level controller. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of Water level controller were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of Water level controller. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.