Computerization Of Electrical Installation Design In Determination Of Number Of Fittings, Sockets And Capacity Of Switchgear

ABSTRACT

Modern engineering department blocks host a large number of electrical appliances, equipment and devices often resulting in higher demands for electrical supply and larger amperage electrical panels. To assure the safety and durability of electrical systems in the faculty it requires that electrical plans for faculty including load calculations demonstrating that the electrical installation in the building are sufficient to support the planned loads on the system. The aim of this work is to evaluate electrical load for the faculty of engineering rivers state university by computerizing and determining of number of fittings, sockets and capacity of switchgear.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE STUDY
• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
• APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• DEFINITION OF ENERGY
• ELECTRICAL LOAD FORECASTING
• ELECTRICITY REPLACEMENT AND ENERGY REVOLUTION
• GENERATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY
• OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICAL DESIGN
• OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICITY
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ELECTRICITY
• DEFINING PARTS OF THE ELECTRICAL PLAN
• CODES AND STANDARDS
• LITERATURE REVIEW OF RELATED PAPERS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     METHODOLOGY

3.1      STUDY AREA

3.2     ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION OF FACULTY

CHAPTER FOUR

• COST ESTIMATION OF FUEL GENERATOR

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power. This is opposed to a power source, such as a battery or generator, which produces power.[2] In electric power circuits examples of loads are appliances and lights. The term may also refer to the power consumed by a circuit.

The term is used more broadly in electronics for a device connected to a signal source, whether or not it consumes power.[2] If an electric circuit has an output port, a pair of terminals that produces an electrical signal, the circuit connected to this terminal (or its input impedance) is the load. For example, if a CD player is connected to an amplifier, the CD player is the source and the amplifier is the load.[2]

Load affects the performance of circuits with respect to output voltages or currents, such as in sensors, voltage sources, and amplifiers. Mains power outlets provide an easy example: they supply power at constant voltage, with electrical appliances connected to the power circuit collectively making up the load. When a high-power appliance switches on, it dramatically reduces the load impedance.

If the load impedance is not very much higher than the power supply impedance, the voltages will drop. In a domestic environment, switching on a heating appliance may cause incandescent lights to dim noticeably.

Electrical circuit load capacity is the total amount of power that your home actually will use. In order to decide what size electrical service is needed in your home, one has to do a little math homework.

Calculating how much power both you and your electrical appliances use is necessary to calculate this number. As technology continues to advance, it seems we add more and more electrical loads to our home. To figure out your electrical loads you need to know what to look for and how to add up the loads.

Computerization and determination of number of fittings, sockets and capacity of switchgear is an important tool used to ensure that the energy supplied by utilities meets the load plus the energy lost in the system. However the aim of this work is to evaluate the electrical load of faculty of engineering in rivers state of Nigeria.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Problem of power supply is been seen everywhere in our society, apart from power outage which is normal cause from the utility companies which everyone of us are used to. Apart from the power outage, there used to be loading problem of power supply, in this one we used to discover that so many homes have generator as their standby or backup power supply but unfortunately their backup will not be able to carry all their appliances as a result of the loads been higher than the power of the power backup. This will either supply low voltage to the building or breakdown the generator if it is forcefully used to supply power to the building.

An electrical system does you no good if it cannot provide you with the necessary energy to properly run your home/office/school . This is why we do an electrical computerization. The calculator helps us determine how much energy your home will need.

1.3                                          AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The aim of this work to determine number of fittings, sockets and capacity of switchgear that will consume the electricity so that they can select an adequate power supply.

1.4                                           SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

computerization and determination of number of fittings, sockets and capacity of switchgear is an important tool used to ensure that the energy supplied by utilities meets the load plus the energy lost in the system. computerization and determination of number of fittings, sockets and capacity of switchgear is one of the earliest tasks during electrical power system design. Engineers used it to estimate the required electrical load of all of the subsea elements that will consume the electricity so that they can select an adequate power supply.

1.5                                                PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of work is to accurately determine the size of the electrical service base upon the electrical equipment that will be installed. The national electrical codes are the basis of making sure the electrical service is sized properly and installed correctly.

1.6                                            APPLICATION OF THE STUDY

This study is very useful to:

1. For students, this study serves as a guide for electrical engineering student that guides him during electrical installation
2. For engineers, it serves as a tools that they used to accurately calculate the amount of supply that is need in the faculty of engineering.

• To the consumer, this study can be very useful to you in that it helps you to reduce your expenses on over estimation of electric supply in houses, and also protect the consumer against damages which could be as a result of under or over voltages.

1.7                                                   RESEARCH QUESTION

1. How do you calculate electrical load and fittings?
2. What is diversity factor in electrical load?

How is power demand calculated?