Design And Construction Of A 1KVA Power Inverter
The design and construction of a 1KVA power inverter involves a meticulous process that integrates various electronic components and engineering principles. Beginning with a thorough understanding of the requirements and intended applications, the design phase encompasses the selection of suitable components such as transformers, MOSFETs, capacitors, and resistors to ensure efficient power conversion and voltage regulation. Critical considerations include input voltage range, output waveform, efficiency, and overload protection. Through careful circuit design and simulation using software tools like SPICE, the performance of the inverter can be optimized to meet specific criteria. The construction phase involves the assembly of the chosen components onto a printed circuit board (PCB), followed by rigorous testing and calibration to validate functionality and reliability. Attention to detail in soldering, heat dissipation, and enclosure design ensures optimal performance and safety. Post-construction, performance testing involving load testing, efficiency measurement, and stress testing is conducted to verify compliance with design specifications. Regular maintenance and troubleshooting techniques are also essential to ensure long-term functionality and reliability, making this guide indispensable for engineers and enthusiasts alike seeking to embark on the design and construction of a 1KVA power inverter.
This project is titled the design and construction of a DC to AC inverter system. It is designed to meet up with the power demand in the offices and in homes in the absence of power supply from the national supply authority, PHCN. In order words the device / item serves as a substitute for PHCN which almost monopolises the power supply to people.
It is designed in such a way that it will take up 12v DC from battery and inverts it to an output of 230v, 50Hz AC. It makes no noise during operation and no hazardous carbon monoxide is generated in the surrounding.
This is a feature that makes it safe to use anywhere when compared to generator. Also, the circuit is capable of charging the battery (i.e 12v source) when the power from the supply authority is on. This greatly reduces the cost of operation of the system.
This work is aimed at designing a modified sine wave inverter of power rating of 1kva that can be used to power appliances both in homes and industries.
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUNDOF THE PROJECT
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.8 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF HISTORY OF AN INVERTER
2.2 REVIEW OF HOW TO CHOOSING THE RIGHT INVERTER
2.3 REVIEW OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SINE WAVE AND MODIFIED SINE WAVE INVERTER.
2.4 REVIEW OF INVERTER CAPACITY
2.5 SAFETY OF INVERTER
2.6 INVERTER RATING
2.7 WHY CHOOSE A MODIFIED SINE WAVE INVERTER?
2.8 TYPES OF INVERTER
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION
3.1 BASIC DESIGNS OF AN INVERTER
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.3 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
3.7 HOW TO CHOOSE A RIGHT INVERTER AND BATTERY
3.8 HOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST INVERTER BATTERY
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.4 COST ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION
5.1 RECOMMENDATION
5.2 REFERENCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Electricity supply is one the economic infrastructural facilities that are indispensable to a nation’s economic development. The efficiency of the supply of electricity will not only influence returns on investment on existing enterprises, it also plays a major role in the creation of an economic environment which influences decisions on potential investment.
The electricity which is the main source of power for our domestic consumption, industrial development, learning centres and medical centre should really be rehabilitated into enhancement of productivity.
However power failure has resulted in people buying generators for their own daily activity. Other businesses are also not functioning due to absence of constant power supply. These are the reasons that necessitate the designing and construction of inverter and other standby system that can deliver maximum output power to the load. As society grows from simple to complex, mankind began to spread all over the earth and so it becomes necessary to enjoy power using inverter.
Statistics have shown that the number of business that have been closed simply because of power problem and cannot be over emphasized, so mankind need inverter seriously in other to restore technology development, businesses, communications, learning centre and medical centres. However, the background of the study lies within the reason why and the construction of inverter should be forwarded and factor that enhance inverter marketability.
Finally, the success of this study will be beneficial to the society at large. Mass production of inverters will lead to improve standard of living of the populace and the nation will move forward in it pursuit of technological development.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
As a result of continuous power failure and fluctuation in power supply by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), sensitive appliances and system are affected by interruption power supply. Then, this project is to provide a back-up and reliable power supply to power some selected home appliances such as computers, television set, lighting systems.
1.3 AIM / OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this project is to design and construct a circuit that will take a 12v dc input from battery and provide a 220v ac and 1000w output that will be able to supply a electricity to a home. At the end of this work the student involved shall able:-
- To design a circuit that will convert dc to ac power for various appliances used in domestic home.
- To provide a noiseless source of electricity generation.
- To have a source of generating electricity that has no negative effect on the environment (i.e. no greenhouse effect).
- To provide a source of electricity power with low maintenance cost and zero fuel cost.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to provide a means of having a backup power supply by building an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
1.5 PROJECT MOTIVATION
Inverters are the best when it comes to back-up since they can come up very fast and they generate little or no noise unlike generator. Even in an area with constant power supply, power outage due to natural cause and faults are usually unannounced. It is therefore very important to prevent causalities and loss of goodwill by having a reliable back-up power installed.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
In the recent years, power inverter has become a major power source due to its environmental and economic benefits and proven reliability.
Power inverter is produced by connecting the device on the 12VDC battery as the input to produce 220VAC as the required output. It can also be connected to solar panel.
Second, the whole energy conversion process is environmentally friendly. It produces no noise, harmful emissions or polluting gases. The burning of natural resources for energy can create smoke, cause acid rain and pollute water and air. Carbon dioxide, CO2, a leading greenhouse gas, is also produced in the case of burning fuels. Power inverter uses only the power of the battery as its fuel. It creates no harmful by-product and contributes actively to the reduction of global warming.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
A power inverter is a power conversion device. It converts fixed direct current (DC) voltage to frequency sinusoidal alternating current (AC) voltage output.
Power inverters are used to power and control the speed, torque, acceleration, deceleration, and direction of the motor. The use of inverter has become prevalent in wide range of industrial applications; from motion control applications to ventilation systems, waste water processing facilities to machining areas, and many others. Though power inverters offer lower operating costs and higher efficiency, they are not without their problems.
The waveform of this work is modified sine wave. The modified sine wave output of such an inverter is the sum of two square waves one of which is phase shifted 90 degrees relative to the other. The result is three level waveform with equal intervals of zero volts; peak positive volts; zero volts; peak negative volts and then zero volts. This sequence is repeated. The resultant wave very roughly resembles the shape of a sine wave.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- Expensive when compared to traditional generators
- The inverter can power a few appliances for a short period
- The input is limited to 12VDC, output to 230VAC and the frequency to 50Hz
1.9 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
The applications and uses of a power inverter are as follows:
- DC power source utilization
- Uninterruptible power supplies
- Induction heating
- HVDC power transmission
- Variable-frequency drives
- Electric vehicle drives
- Air conditioning
- Electroshock weapons
1.10 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved.
Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency. The block diagram and the working principle of the project was studied, followed by drafting out a schematic diagram and arrangement the entire materials / components on the vero board, testing the completed system to see if the design works and finally, implementation of design of the project.
1.11 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a power inverter. In this chapter, the background, significance, aim/objective problem statement, purpose, application, limitation and problem of a power inverter were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a power inverter. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
SHARE PROJECT MATERIALS ON:
A 1KVA (Kilovolt-ampere) power inverter is a type of electrical device that can convert direct current (DC) electricity into alternating current (AC) electricity. KVA is a unit of apparent power, and it represents the product of voltage and current in an AC circuit, without taking into account the power factor (which is the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current).
Here are some key points about a 1KVA power inverter:
- Capacity: A 1KVA power inverter can handle a load of up to 1 kilovolt-ampere, which is equivalent to 1000 volt-amperes. In terms of watts (W), which is the real power output, the actual power output will depend on the power factor of the load. For a purely resistive load with a power factor of 1, 1KVA is equal to 1 kilowatt (KW) of power output. However, for loads with a lower power factor (such as inductive or capacitive loads), the actual power output will be less than 1KW.
- DC Input Voltage: Power inverters are typically designed to work with specific DC input voltages, such as 12V, 24V, or 48V DC. You need to ensure that the DC input voltage matches the voltage of the power source you intend to use, such as a battery or a solar panel system.
- Applications: Power inverters are commonly used in a variety of applications, including providing backup power during blackouts, converting DC power from batteries or renewable energy sources (such as solar panels or wind turbines) into AC power for household appliances, and powering electronic devices in vehicles (like RVs and boats).
- Types: Power inverters come in different types, including modified sine wave inverters and pure sine wave inverters. Pure sine wave inverters produce a clean and stable AC waveform similar to what you get from the grid, making them suitable for sensitive electronics and appliances. Modified sine wave inverters produce a stepped waveform that may not be suitable for some equipment.
- Output Capacity: A 1KVA power inverter is generally suitable for powering small to moderate loads, such as lighting, small appliances, and charging electronic devices. If you have larger power requirements, you may need a higher-rated inverter.
- Inverter Efficiency: The efficiency of a power inverter is an important factor to consider. It indicates how effectively the inverter converts DC power into AC power. Higher efficiency inverters waste less energy as heat and provide more usable power to your appliances.
- Installation: Proper installation and sizing of cables and fuses are important to ensure the safe and efficient operation of a power inverter.
Before purchasing and installing a 1KVA power inverter, it’s essential to calculate your power requirements and consider the specific needs of your application to ensure that the inverter meets your needs. Additionally, pay attention to factors such as the inverter’s input and output voltage, waveform type, and efficiency to make an informed decision.