Design And Construction Of A 3KVA Inverter

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of a 3KVA inverter involve the development of a sophisticated power conversion system capable of efficiently transforming direct current (DC) from a battery source into alternating current (AC) for various electronic devices. This intricate process necessitates a meticulous approach to circuitry, incorporating advanced semiconductor components, such as MOSFETs and IGBTs, to manage the conversion process effectively. Key components like transformers, capacitors, and control circuits play pivotal roles in regulating voltage and frequency, ensuring a stable and reliable power output. The design must strike a delicate balance between power capacity and energy efficiency, optimizing the inverter’s performance across diverse load conditions. Additionally, robust heat dissipation mechanisms are crucial to maintain the inverter’s operational integrity. Meticulous attention to detail in component selection, circuit layout, and cooling systems is indispensable for achieving a high-quality and resilient 3KVA inverter capable of meeting the demands of a broad spectrum of applications.

This project is titled the design and construction of a DC to AC inverter system. It is designed to meet up with the power demand in the offices and in homes in the absence of power supply from electricity power distribution company – PHCN. In order words the device / item serves as a substitute for PHCN which almost monopolises the power supply to people.

It is designed in such a way that it will take up 12v or 24DC from battery and inverts it to an output of 230v, 50Hz AC. It makes no noise during operation and no hazardous carbon monoxide is generated in the surrounding.

This is a feature that makes it safe to use any where when compared to generator. Also, the circuit is capable of charging the battery (i.e 12v source) when the power from the supply authority is on. This greatly reduces the cost of operation of the system.

This work is aimed at designing a modified sine wave inverter of power rating of 3 kva that can be used to power appliances both in homes and industries.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Electricity supply is one the economic infrastructural facilities that are indispensable to a nation’s economic development. The efficiency of the supply of electricity will not only influence returns on investment on existing enterprises, it also plays a major role in the creation of an economic environment which influences decisions on potential investment [Yuhua Cheng, 2019].

The electricity which is the main source of power for our domestic consumption, industrial development, learning centres and medical centre should really be rehabilitated into enhancement of productivity [Yuhua Cheng, 2019].

However power failure has resulted in people buying generators for their own daily activity. Other businesses are also not functioning due to absence of constant power supply. These are the reasons that necessitate the designing and construction of inverter and other standby system that can deliver maximum output power to the load. As society grows from simple to complex, mankind began to spread all over the earth and so it becomes necessary to enjoy power using inverter [1].

Statistics have shown that the number of business that have been closed simply because of power problem and cannot be over emphasized, so mankind need inverter seriously in other to restore technology development, businesses, communications, learning centre and medical centres. However, the background of the study lies within the reason why and the construction of inverter should be forwarded and factor that enhance inverter marketability [Yuhua Cheng, 2019].

Finally, the success of this study will be beneficial to the society at large. Mass production of inverters will lead to improve standard of living of the populace and the nation will move forward in it pursuit of technological development [Rodriguez, 2012].

The inverter is one of the most important components in an independent energy system. An inverter converts direct current to alternating current, and also changes the voltage. In other words, we can say that it is a power adapter. It allows a battery-based system to run conventional home appliances like television, fan, computer, etc. through conventional home wiring. We can use direct current directly, but for a modern lifestyle, we need an inverter for the vast majority. It provides power supply when there is cut in government power supply. It plays very important role in areas where there is regular cuts in power supply. It works on the basic principal of charging and discharging of battery. [Rodriguez, 2012] The harmonic content of pure sine wave inverter is very low with good power quality. Such type of inverter are mostly required for sensitive equipment, which cannot width stand fluctuations, in rush current and any other problems caused by high harmonic content. Our aim is to make an economical pure sine wave inverter so that it may be available at affordable price for home users, cottage industries, small-scale business, etc. For this purpose we will analyse the inverters on the basis of switching schemes, on the basis of levels and on the basis of transformer. From that analysis we designed an inverter which is used to run home appliances like fan, light, computer, television. [Rodriguez, 2012]

1.2 Problem Statement

The electricity which is the main source of power for our domestic consumption, industrial development, center of learning and medical centers should really be rehabilitated into enhancement of productivity.

It is because of the erratic situation of power supply in Nigeria that has led to higher use of fueled generator, and the higher use of this generator caused the higher depend and demand of oil product which led to higher cost of oil irrespective of the fact that the oil is produced in our country – Nigeria. Other businesses are also not functioning due to absence of constant power supply. These are the reasons that necessitate the designing and construction of inverter and other standby system that can deliver maximum output power to the load. As society grows from simple to complex, mankind began to spread all over the earth and so it becomes necessary to enjoy power using inverter.

As a result of continuous power failure and fluctuation in power supply by Power distributing company in Nigeria, sensitive appliances and system are affected by interruption power supply. Then, this project is to provides a back-up and reliable power supply of 3kva to power appliances.

1.3 Aim and objective

The aim of this project is to design and construct a circuit that will take a 12 or 24v dc input from battery and provide a 3kVA output that will be able to supply a home. The objectives are:-

To design a circuit that will convert dc to ac power for various appliances used in domestic home.
To provide a noiseless source of electricity generation.

To have a source of generating electricity that has no negative effect on the environment (i.e. no greenhouse effect).

To provide a source of electricity power with low maintenance cost and zero fuel cost.

1.4 Scope of the Project

The Scope of this project is to design and construct an inverter with output power rating of 3kVA, maximum output current of 22.72A, output voltage of 220V AC from a 12 or 24V DC input. This project is basically designed for single phase domestic loads. The project is to be realized using simple and relatively cheap components that are available in the local markets.

1.5 Motivation

The inverter is an electrical power device that is simply used to convert DC to AC along with changes in voltage in simpler words. Inverters are generally required in the electrical devices because they help in protecting our devices. These inverters will come in various sizes and are included in the hardware in all the devices that range from tiny lights to emergency backup systems. A storage battery in it allows carrying out the function of absorbing and releasing DC current and it is converted to AC and is powered out through an inverter.

Inverters are the best when it comes to back-up since they can come up very fast and they generate little or no noise unlike generator. Even in an area with constant power supply, power outage due to natural cause and faults are usually unannounced. It is therefore very important to prevent causalities and loss of goodwill by having a reliable back-up power installed