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Design And Construction Of A 555 Timer And 4026 IC Based Digital Countdown Timer

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of a digital countdown timer, employing the 555 timer IC and the 4026 IC, represents a meticulous amalgamation of electronic components to orchestrate precise timekeeping. The 555 timer, a versatile integrated circuit, operates in astable mode, generating a continuous square wave output. This waveform acts as a fundamental timekeeping pulse, synchronizing the countdown mechanism. Complementing this, the 4026 IC serves as a 7-segment counter and decoder, facilitating the numerical display of the remaining time intervals. By judiciously configuring the connections and resistor-capacitor values in the 555 timer circuit, one can fine-tune the timer’s pulse frequency. Simultaneously, the 4026 IC, coupled with suitable displays, transforms the pulse count into a visible digital countdown. This intricate integration of electronic components enables the creation of a precise and customizable digital countdown timer, where the 555 timer dictates the temporal rhythm, and the 4026 IC orchestrates the numerical manifestation, delivering an accurate and reliable timekeeping solution.

Timers are frequently used in the industries to run process/operation with predefined time interval. The most popular type of timer is the programmable timer that has various facilities to configure the timer by users. However, it is expensive to build such timer using ICs and discrete components. Moreover, when countdown timer is used for laboratory instruments, it is expected to be flexible to handle. The 555 timer and counter ic has the potential to solve these constraints. In this development work, we have developed a 555 timer and decade counter timer with digital display system.The device has been designed and tested in the laboratory.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

  • INTRODUCTION
  • BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
  • PROBLEM STATEMENT
  • OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
  • SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
  • APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
  • LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
  • METHODOLOGY
  • PROJECT ORGANISATION

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • REVIEW OF TIMING DEVICES
  • DESCRIPTION OF TIME MANAGEMENT
  • THE IMPORTANCE OF TIME MANAGEMENT IN LECTURE

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

  • SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
  • SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION
  • SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
  • SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
  • SYSTEM SWITCHING CIRCUIT
  • SYSTEM FLOW CHAT
  • DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

 

CHAPTER FOUR

TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS

  • INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
  • CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
  • CASING AND PACKAGING
  • ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
  • TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
  • PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
  • DISCUSSION

 

CHAPTER FIVE

  • CONCLUSION
  • RECOMMENDATION
  • REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER ONE

  • INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Timers that schedule an event according to a predefined time value in the future are an integral part of many real-time embedded systems, similar to setting an alarm clock. They find applications in the control of sequential functions of industrial machinery at varying time intervals, in the laboratory to power instruments for a specific time and perform processes for a specific duration. Usually, two kind of timer are frequently used in various applications such as mechanical and electronic timers. Electronics timers are manufactured today to meet the complex function of industries. The Electronic timer consists of a crystal controlled stable oscillator, sequencing logic circuits, driving circuits and a digital display system with a facility depends on the application for connecting the output to individual machinery/system to control the operation at pre-determined time interval.

The timers which can be configured to set time interval is called programmable timer. The programmable timer is usually designed with different functions that would be flexible to customize by the users. To build such timer, many ICs and components are required. Therefore, manufacturing cost prohibit deploying programmable timer in many applications. Moreover, when programmable timer is used in laboratory, it should be sophisticated. In this development work, we have developed a microcontroller based programmable timer with digital display system. It works in two modes: manual mode and programmable mode. In manual mode, it can function like switch board. In the programmable mode, user can set the time how long AC main line could be connected to the power outlet. The remaining time is shown on the display system designed with six seven-segment LEDs.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Due to inaccuracy in time schedule keeping in most of our publics such when an assignment or presentation is given to someone with a time limit schedule. This device is helpful to someone in such situation. It helps the user to be very accurate and conscious of the assigned time.

1.3                                                   AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to design a down counter that counts from a specified time to 99 to 0.

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Microcontroller based countdown timer with digital display system that can be configured to connect the AC main line to the instruments for a specific time interval. Sometimes when there is a need to switch on or off electrical appliances or gadgets after a predetermined time. This device is used to switch on/off any electrical appliance (load) through a relay switch after the specified time set in minutes or seconds.

1.5                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

A countdown timer is a down counter that counts from a specified time to 00. It is used in many devices such as washing machine, televisions, microwave ovens, etc. This countdown timer has three states: the running state where it counts down, the pause state where it displays the paused time and the reset state to set the countdown. The countdown is displayed on a set of four seven segment displays using the 555 timer and decade counter.

1.6                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

It is used in many devices to control their working time such as in washing machine, televisions, microwave ovens, etc. And also in some public places such as presentation hall, wresting ground etc.

1.7                                                        METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

  1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
  2. Draw a block diagram.
  • Test for continuity of components and devices,
  1. Design of the system was carried out.
  2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
  3. Construct the circuit.
  • Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.8                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective, application, and scope of the project of this work was discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

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Design And Construction Of A 555 Timer And 4026 IC Based Digital Countdown Timer:

Designing and constructing a digital countdown timer using the 555 timer and 4026 IC (Integrated Circuit) involves several steps, including understanding the functionalities of these components, designing the circuit, and assembling it. Let’s break down the process into manageable steps:

1. Components Required:

  • 555 Timer IC
  • 4026 Decade Counter IC
  • Resistors
  • Capacitors
  • LEDs
  • Breadboard
  • Jumper wires
  • Power supply (5V)

2. Understanding the Components:

555 Timer IC:

The 555 timer is a versatile integrated circuit that can be configured to operate in various modes, including astable, monostable, and bistable modes. In this project, we will use it in the astable mode to generate clock pulses.

4026 Decade Counter IC:

The 4026 is a decade counter IC with a 7-segment decoder/driver built-in. It counts in decimal digits and can directly drive a 7-segment display.

3. Circuit Design:

Astable Multivibrator (Using 555 Timer):

  • Connect pin 8 (VCC) of the 555 timer to the positive rail (5V).
  • Connect pin 1 (GND) of the 555 timer to the ground.
  • Connect pin 4 (Reset) to VCC to disable the reset function.
  • Connect pins 2 (Trigger) and 6 (Threshold) together and connect a resistor (R1) from this junction to pin 8 (VCC).
  • Connect another resistor (R2) from pin 7 (Discharge) to pin 6 (Threshold).
  • Connect a capacitor (C1) between pins 1 (GND) and 2 (Trigger/Threshold).
  • Connect pin 3 (Output) to pin 14 (Clock) of the 4026 IC.

4026 IC Configuration:

  • Connect pins 16 and 8 to VCC.
  • Connect pin 15 (Reset) to VCC to disable the reset function.
  • Connect pin 14 (Clock) to the output of the 555 timer.
  • Connect pins 13, 12, 11, and 10 to the corresponding segments of the 7-segment display.
  • Connect pins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 to the common cathode/anode of the 7-segment display.

4. Construction and Testing:

  • Place the components on the breadboard according to the circuit design.
  • Connect the components using jumper wires, ensuring proper connections.
  • Power up the circuit with a 5V power supply.
  • Observe the countdown on the 7-segment display as the clock pulses are generated by the 555 timer.

5. Additional Features (Optional):

  • Add push buttons to start, pause, and reset the countdown.
  • Incorporate a buzzer to sound an alarm when the countdown reaches zero.
  • Implement logic to reset the countdown automatically after reaching zero.

Conclusion:

Designing and constructing a digital countdown timer using the 555 timer and 4026 IC can be a fun and educational project for electronics enthusiasts. By understanding the functionalities of these components and following the circuit design, you can create a fully functional countdown timer that can be customized with additional features according to your requirements. Remember to double-check your connections and test the circuit thoroughly before finalizing the project