Design And Construction Of A Smart Emergency Lighting System
The design and construction of a smart emergency lighting system involves the integration of advanced technologies to ensure efficient and effective illumination during emergency situations. Incorporating components such as motion sensors, ambient light sensors, and microcontrollers, this system can autonomously detect emergencies, such as power outages or smoke detection, and activate appropriate lighting sources accordingly. LED lights are commonly utilized due to their energy efficiency and durability. Through the utilization of wireless communication protocols like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, the system can connect with other devices or a centralized control panel for remote monitoring and management. Additionally, features such as battery backup systems and energy harvesting mechanisms enhance reliability and sustainability, ensuring uninterrupted operation during critical situations. The integration of smart algorithms enables the system to optimize lighting patterns based on real-time conditions, providing adequate visibility while minimizing energy consumption. By leveraging the latest advancements in sensor technology, wireless connectivity, and intelligent algorithms, the smart emergency lighting system ensures swift and reliable illumination in emergency scenarios, enhancing safety and security in various environments.
This project work is on design and construction of a smart emergency light system. An automatic emergency light is an electronics device used in turning light ON during dark condition. Smart Emergency Light will turn on the Emergency light only during the Dark condition. Ordinary emergency light will be switched ON during the power failure condition. So that if there was a power failure in day time the ordinary emergency light will also be switched on. So there is a loss of power. Our system will continuously monitor the light falling on the LDR and when there was no sufficient light over the LDR and there is a power failure then it will switch on the Light. So that the place at which the circuit was connected will always in Bright. And if there is a power failure then the power to drive the emergency light was taken from the Battery supplied with the circuit.
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
2.3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
2.4 MODERN INSTALLATIONS OF THE PROJECT
2.3 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
2.4 HISTORY OF POWER FAILURE AND SYSTEM RELIABILITY
2.5 DESCRIPTION OF POWER OUTAGE
2.6 TYPES OF POWER OUTAGE
2.7 PROTECTING THE POWER SYSTEM FROM FAILURE
2.8 RESTORING POWER AFTER A WIDE-AREA OUTAGE
2.9 POWER FAILURE INEVITABILITY AND ELECTRIC SUSTAINABILITY
2.9 MITIGATION OF POWER OUTAGE FREQUENCY
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 COMPONENTS LIST OF THE CIRCUITS
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENT’S DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 PROCEDURE TO IMPLEMENT THE AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY LIGHT CIRCUIT
4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.5 DIMENSION OF THE CASING
4.6 ECONOMIC OF THE PROJECT
4.7 PROJECT VIABILITY
4.8 RELIABILITY
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSIONS
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In today’s world, a considerable portion of consumed energy in electrical network is changed to artificial lighting. With the increase in energy consumption by various segments in relation to difficulty of generation, the importance of efficient ways of lighting can be investigated. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used in low-light-level applications. Use of LEDs for signalization has been well known for more than a decade and for many different applications. In most activities, the lighting is needed. Therefore, the emergency lighting systems have become important (Peter, 2015). They have been considered as safety item and are required in many environments. They are installed in halls, ladders, garages, elevators, restaurants and other public environments ensuring lighting in the absence of electricity. Emergency lights are considered as extremely important for workplaces because they may be the only means of light available for the farmers or workers during emergency situations. The battery powered lights ensure that the workers can easily find an exit with relative ease (Peter, 2015).
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity. Modern lives require a continuous supply of electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of an ordinary refrigerator. If one experiences a power off situation, your food will be spoilt. But much more important, what if the power failure “spoils” your business. For example, uninterrupted power supply is needed for your server, which manages your accounting programme or provides uninterrupted operation of your website (Peter, 2015).
Emergency lights are very useful electrical gadgets and are quite popular, too. During a power failure this device is able to instantly illuminate through battery backup and never allow us to stumble in the darkness.
This study is focused on building an automatic emergency system. The automatic emergency lights built with LEDs are proven to provide adequate lighting for a longer period of time. The automatic emergency lights will provide you with a light-sensing feature. This will give you an automatic supply of electricity in case of emergency situations.
The idea of the present emergency light circuit is truly compact, highly advanced, and may be kept plugged into the mains socket for a permanent automatic operation. The use of a Li-Ion battery makes it infinitely long lasting.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Power failure causes total darkness during night or dark hours which cause occupants of the house hitting or dashing their leg or feet against house properties such as center table which can cause serious injury to the occupant. Emergency lighting system came to solve this problem – itautomatically illuminates the house when power outage occurs.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of the work is to construct a device that when a power outage occurs, the lamp automatically illuminates and switches OFF the lamp automatically when power is restored. The objectives of the study are:
- To develop a compact and low-cost electronic circuit to drive and control the current of LEDs arranged in a single enclosure.
- To ensure that there will be adequate light provided when mains lighting fails.
- To automatically supply electricity in case of emergency situations.
- To reduce the level of domestic accident.
- To ensure that people within the building can evacuate safely in the event of an emergency.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device provides light when the ordinary lighting fails due to a power cut. Required especially in villages where there are long power cuts. It is important to install it near stairs or the place where level changes. Near safety signs it should be installed.
Basically a battery packed light device. This automatically switched on when the light is switched off or there is a blackout. It is common in commercial and standard residential buildings. This device is:
- Battery Efficient
- Pollution free.
- Easy to use.
- Very cheap
- Easy to install anywhere.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work covers building an automatic emergency light. It is considered a device which has its one end connected to a power source and when the power supply is cut, the bulb glows with a rechargeable battery. emergency lighting work on the principle that when a power failure occurs in a household at night, a power failure light responds to provide emergency illumination so that the occupants may move about safely in order to take measures to restore the illumination either by changing fuses, if necessary, or by finding and deploying other light sources such as candles, portable electric lanterns, or the like. The automation of the system is based on light dependent sensor used.
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A Smart Emergency Lighting System is an advanced lighting system designed to provide illumination during emergencies or power outages. These systems leverage technology to enhance safety, efficiency, and reliability in various settings, including commercial buildings, residential spaces, industrial facilities, and public places. Here are some key features and components of a Smart Emergency Lighting System:
- Automated Operation: Smart emergency lighting systems can automatically detect power failures or emergencies and activate emergency lighting without human intervention. This ensures that critical areas remain well-lit during crises.
- Energy Efficiency: These systems often use LED lighting technology, which is energy-efficient and provides longer-lasting illumination compared to traditional incandescent or fluorescent bulbs. LED lights also consume less power when on standby.
- Centralized Control: Many systems can be controlled from a central location, allowing for easy monitoring and management. This central control can be through a dedicated control panel or integrated into a building management system.
- Battery Backup: Smart emergency lighting systems are equipped with backup batteries that are automatically charged during normal operation. In the event of a power outage, these batteries power the emergency lights to ensure continuous illumination.
- Self-Testing and Maintenance: Some systems have self-testing features that automatically check the functionality of emergency lights and batteries. Maintenance alerts are generated when any issues are detected, making it easier to perform necessary repairs or replacements.
- Remote Monitoring: Remote monitoring capabilities enable facility managers or building operators to monitor the status of the emergency lighting system from a remote location. Alerts can be sent in real-time to notify stakeholders of issues or failures.
- Integration with Building Systems: Smart emergency lighting systems can be integrated with other building systems, such as fire alarm systems and security systems. This integration ensures a coordinated response during emergencies.
- Customization: These systems can be customized to provide different levels of illumination based on the specific requirements of the area and the type of emergency. For example, exit signs and pathway lighting may have different brightness levels.
- Compliance with Safety Standards: Smart emergency lighting systems are designed to meet safety standards and regulations, ensuring that they provide adequate and reliable illumination during emergencies.
- Data Logging and Reporting: Some systems maintain logs and generate reports about the performance and status of the emergency lighting system. This data can be valuable for compliance reporting and maintenance planning.
- User-Friendly Interfaces: User-friendly interfaces, such as smartphone apps or web-based dashboards, make it easy for users to control and monitor the system.
- Scalability: These systems can be scaled to fit the needs of different buildings and facilities, from small offices to large industrial complexes.
Smart emergency lighting systems play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of occupants during emergencies, such as power outages, fires, or evacuations. They offer greater control, energy efficiency, and peace of mind compared to traditional emergency lighting solutions.