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Design And Construction Of A Solar Powered Automatic Emergency Lighting System

The design and construction of a solar-powered automatic emergency lighting system involve the integration of photovoltaic technology to harness solar energy, coupled with an automatic lighting mechanism for emergency situations. This innovative system utilizes solar panels to capture sunlight and convert it into electrical energy, stored in batteries for later use. The automatic feature ensures seamless operation, activating the lighting system when ambient light levels drop below a certain threshold, such as during power outages or nighttime. Incorporating motion sensors or timers enhances efficiency by controlling the illumination based on occupancy or predefined schedules. By amalgamating renewable energy sources with automated functionality, this solution not only provides reliable emergency lighting but also contributes to sustainability efforts and energy conservation.

ABSTRACT

An emergency light is a battery-backed lighting device that switches on automatically when a building experiences a power outage. Emergency lights are standard in new commercial and high occupancy residential buildings, such as college dormitories. Most building codes require that they be installed in older buildings as well. It is powered by a 12v solar panel charges the battery during the day.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
2.2     MODERN INSTALLATIONS OF THE PROJECT
2.3     DESCRIPTION OF POWER OUTAGE

2.4 TYPES OF POWER OUTAGE

2.5 ADVANTAGES OF USING LEDs

2.6 DISADVANTAGES OF USING LEDs

2.7 BACKGROUND OF SOLAR ENERGY

2.8 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOLAR CELL

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.6 COMPONENTS LIST

3.7 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3 CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING

4.4 TESTING

4.5 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATION

5.3 REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity. Modern lives require a continuous supply of electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of an ordinary refrigerator. If you experience a power off situation, your food will be spoilt. But much more important, what if the power failure “spoils” your business. For example, uninterrupted power supply is needed for your server, which manages your accounting programme or provides uninterrupted operation of your website.

Emergency lights are very useful electrical gadgets and are quite popular, too. During a power failure these portable lights are able to instantly illuminate through battery back up and never allow us to stumble in the darkness. Although you will find a variety of them in different shapes and sizes in the market, but building your own emergency light at home can be a totally different experience. It will not only help you to create a quality design but also will acquaint you to the technical aspects of the unit. Besides, you also get an opportunity to customize the circuit as per your own needs.

The idea of the present emergency light circuit is truly compact, highly advanced, and may be kept plugged into the solar panel for a permanent automatic operation. The use of a rechargeable lead battery which receives charges from the solar panel makes it infinitely long lasting.

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of the work is to construct a device that when power supply is turned OFF, the circuit senses the day light and according to the light it turns on the LED’s. If the light is present even though power fails the circuit turns OFF the LEDs.

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device Provides light when the ordinary lighting fails due to a power cut. Required especially in villages where there are long power cuts. Important to install it near stairs or the place where level changes. Near safety signs it should be installed.

Basically it is a solar and battery packed light device. This automatically switched on when the light is switched off or there is a blackout or when it detects some level of darkness in room. Common in commercial and standard residential buildings. This device is:

Battery Efficient
Solar charged
Pollution free.
Easy to use.
Very cheap
Easy to install anywhere.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This is the simple and cost effective automatic LED Emergency Light Circuit with dark sensing device known as LDR. This system charges from main supply and gets activated when main supply is turned OFF. This emergency lamp will work for more than 8 hours (depending the battery capacity and the power consumed by the LEDs). The source of charging the battery is via solar panel which charges the battery during the day.

1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Not Durable
A bit delicate circuit

1.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

This is very simple circuit and the cost is also very less.
power is saved because the circuit switches the LEDs based on light conditions
the battery is rechargeable

1.7 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

Used in child’s study rooms to avoid the sudden power failure.
As an emergency lamp in homes.
Used in security systems to switch ON the lights automatically during the power failure.

1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a solar powered based automatic emergency lighting system. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a solar powered based automatic emergency lighting system were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of a solar powered based automatic emergency lighting system. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.