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Design And Construction Of A Sound Operated Lamp Switch

The design and construction of a sound-operated lamp switch involves creating a system capable of detecting sound input and using it to control the switching on and off of a lamp. This project integrates elements of electronics, acoustics, and mechanical engineering to develop a responsive and efficient switch. By utilizing a microphone to capture sound waves, an amplifier to boost the signal, and a microcontroller to process the input, the system can distinguish between background noise and intentional commands. Incorporating relay modules enables the microcontroller to control the lamp’s power supply based on predefined sound thresholds or patterns. Additionally, considerations such as sensitivity adjustments, noise filtering, and power management contribute to the reliability and effectiveness of the switch. Through careful design and implementation, this sound-operated lamp switch offers a convenient and hands-free approach to lighting control, suitable for various environments including homes, offices, and public spaces.

ABSTRACT

This project is titled design and construction of sound activated switch. Sound activated switch is an electrical device that allows appliances and products to be turned on and off from sound. The most important feature of the sound activated switch is its small microphone. The microphone detects sound, such as laughs, slamming doors, and claps of hands. The sound is changed into electrical waves.

This inexpensive, fully transistorised sound operated lamp switch is very sensitive to sound signals and turns on a lamp when you clap within 1.5 metres of the switch. One of its interesting applications is in discotheques, where lights could be turned on or off in sync with the music beats or clapping.

The condenser microphone senses the sound and converts it into electrical variations. The electrical signals are amplified by the two-stage direct-coupled (DC) amplifier formed by transistors T1 and T2 and fed to the switching circuit. The switching circuit comprises transistors T3, T4 and T5, which conduct only when the circuit senses sound signals. Transistor T5 supplies sufficient gate voltage to the triac to drive the 230V lamp.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Content

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Application of the project

1.2 Objective of the project

1.3 Significance of the project

1.4 limitation/problem of the project

1.5 project motivation

1.6 scope of the project

1.7 benefit of the project

18 project organisation

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review

2.1 Review of Major Component used

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Construction

3.1 System operation

3.2 Circuit diagram

3.3 Parts list

3.4 Circuit operation

CHAPTER FOUR

Result analysis

4.0 Construction Procedure and Testing

4.1 Casing and Packaging

4.2 Assembling of Sections

4.3 Testing of System Operation

4.4 Cost Analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusion

5.1 Recommendation

5.2 References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

With this sound activated switch, control by sound may be very useful, not just on a robot but also for a bit of home automation, for example a sound-activated light responding to a knock on the door or a hand clap. The light will be automatically switched off when the sound is repeated.

Sound activated switch is an electrical device that allows appliances and products to be turned on and off from sound. The most important feature of the sound activated switch is its small microphone. The microphone detects sound, such as laughs, slamming doors, and claps of hands. The sound is changed into electrical waves. The electrical waves are magnified by a transistor. The transistor feeds the amplified sound to a flip-flop circuit. The flip-flop reverses the output and feeds another amplified circuit. The amplified circuit is connected to a relay contact which acts as a mechanical switch. The relay can be connected to an electric device to make the device turn on and off by the clap of hands or a similar sound.

1.1 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Sound activated switch has many applications both in homes and industries. In homes, sound activated switch is as used to control a lamp in our rooms and environs.

In industries, sound activated switch is used to control an alarm and time of danger when the security of any place in industries is needed, and also used to monitor intruders in any given environment by activating an alarm when the noise of the intruder gets to the microphone of the system. It can be used to switch on/off any electrical appliances

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this project is to design and construct a sound activating switch that can be used to control either a lamp or an alarm or any other load.

Want to build a simple sound switch circuit that will toggle any load in response to your claps. The article is meant exactly for the said purpose. A small sound activated switch circuit comprising a sound amplifier and a flip flop is presented here, which can be easily built and used to toggle any electrical gadget through hand claps.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This study exposes me to the function of a microphone such as that microphone converts the pressure waves caused by sound into vibrations within a coil which transforms the vibrations into electric signals.

This work also exposed me to application of transistor such as using transistor as a switch and also application of a relay such as relay is also used as a switch as well to control load.

Finally, this work mostly exposed me to how to construct this system and also exposed me to know the applications of the system such as: homes, sound activated switch is as used to control a lamp in our rooms and environs.

In industries, sound activated switch is used to control an alarm and time of danger when the security of any place in industries is needed, and also used to monitor intruders in any given environment by activating an alarm when the noise of the intruder gets to the microphone of the system.

1.5 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In the industries like the petroleum or chemical industries, some production processes have been started or stopped due to accidental switching of machinery leading to injury or death. This can cause financial strain on a company.
In the radioactive process, manual switching poses great health hazards to the operator due to the side effects of exposure to the radioactive elements.
Manual switching is an uphill task for the disabled and the aged due to movement constraints.
Sometimes, we are victims of electric shocks from our devices when we try to switch them ON/OFF due to leaking currents from the electric switches.

1.7 PROJECT MOTIVATION

The motivation of this project is to fulfil the following;

To eliminate the stress in walking from end to end, or room to room of a building to switch devices ON/OFF.
The provision of remote switching helps to safe guard operators and equipment.
To ensure a reliable and safe method of switching domestic and industrial devices.

1.8 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this work is defined by the following points

The switching interface in this project is of the general purpose type as it is not restricted to only one type of load.
The clap signal accepted by the computer, will not be limited to just one person.

III. It will not be limited to low voltage, low current AC/DC applications of 240V maximum operating voltage.

The type of control this project employs is the simple ON/OFF control of devices

1.9 BENEFIT OF PROJECT

This project’s completion will be of great benefit to our ever demanding and developing society. Some of these benefits include;

Accidental switching of devices will be reduced to a minimum in our industries and homes.
Walking from point to point to switch switches will be a thing of the past.

III. This project will possess the LOCK and UNLOCK functions, which will prevent unintentional switching any time the user wishes

Our industries and homes will become friendlier to disabled people.

1.10 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a sound activated switch. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a sound activated switch were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of a sound activated switch. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.