Design And Construction Of A Temperature Based Fan Speed Control And Monitoring With Arduino
The design and construction of a temperature-based fan speed control and monitoring system using Arduino involves the integration of temperature sensors and a microcontroller to regulate the speed of a fan according to ambient temperature. Utilizing Arduino’s flexibility and programmability, this system enables real-time monitoring and adjustment of fan speed to maintain optimal temperature conditions in various environments such as homes, offices, or industrial settings. By employing temperature sensors like LM35 or DS18B20, the system accurately measures the ambient temperature, which is then processed by the Arduino microcontroller. Based on predefined thresholds and control algorithms, the microcontroller adjusts the fan speed using pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques, ensuring efficient cooling while minimizing energy consumption. Additionally, the system can be enhanced with features like LCD displays or IoT connectivity for remote monitoring and control. Through this innovative integration of hardware and software, the temperature-based fan speed control and monitoring system offers a cost-effective and energy-efficient solution for temperature regulation in diverse applications, catering to the demands of modern automation and smart technology trends.
This work is on temperature based fan speed control and monitoring system. This device is designed with Arduino microcontroller which is quite useful for conference halls, auditoriums, cinema halls, and other commercial organizations where many people gathered together, and lot of fans are required at these places. Depending up on the weather condition, organizers of the above places are supposed to be control each and every fan, otherwise lot of energy will be wasted. Controlling each and every fan manually is highly impossible; there by this project work is taken up, which controls the fan automatically depending upon the temperature. Here for the demonstration purpose single fan is considered, but in practical all the fans can be connected to this single instrument, so that all the fans rotates equally.
In this work, Fan Speed is controlled and Monitored With Arduino and LM35 Temperature Sensor. The microcontroller controls the speed of an electric fan according to the requirement and allows dynamic and faster control and the LCD makes the system user-friendly. Sensed temperature in Celsius Scale and fan speed in percentage are simultaneously displayed on the LCD panel.
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
ABBREVIATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
2.2 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FANS
2.3 REVIEW OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
2.4 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEMPERATURE CONTROLLERS AND THEIR WORKING PRINCIPLE
2.5 DEFINITION OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR
2.6 TYPES OF TEMPERATURE SENSORS
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND CONNECTION
3.3 BILL OF MATERIALS
3.4 WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT
3.5 SOURCE CODE/PROGRAM
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of this Digital Temperature Controller is to control the temperature of any device like fan or any other electronic devices whose temperature keeps fluctuating and thus requires a constant watch on the device. The use of this system eliminates constant watching on the device by self controlling the temperature of the system.
This work consists of digital temperature sensors for more accurate temperature control in various industries. This system overcomes the disadvantages of thermostat/analog systems in terms of accuracy. This system can be used in any firm or organization where it is very important to maintain precise temperatures. LCD display is used to display the temperature and when the temperature exceeds the set limit.
The system uses a digital temperature sensor in order to detect temperature and pass on the data to the microcontroller. The arduino microcontroller processes data and sends the temperature to be displayed on LCD screen. The display consists of 7 segment display unit to display up to 4 numbers. It consists of 4 push buttons for setting the high and low temperatures. Pressing set button allows user to increment and decrement high and low temperatures. After that the system detects temperature and switches the load when it goes beyond set limits.
However, the main aim of this work is to design Temperature Based Fan Speed Control and Monitoring With Arduino and LM35 Temperature Sensor. The microcontroller controls the speed of an electric fan according to the requirement & allows dynamic and faster control and the LCD makes the system user-friendly. Sensed temperature in Celsius Scale and fan speed in percentage are simultaneously displayed on the LCD panel.
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Nowadays, the fan is widely used especially in warm countries including Nigeria. Usually the conventional fan is always cooling the room depending on the fixed regulator setting and is not automatically adjusted for the comfort of the users. In the fan control field, excellent real-time, high reliability, and good intelligence are proposed by many researchers. The traditional PID algorithm is, in fact, still playing a main role in the control process. The air conditioning system has becoming a field to be researched to improve the user convenience by applying intelligent system such as THERMISTOR [Peter et al, 2015].
While the enhanced fan is being designed, the consideration of the type of control system must be included in a modeling design. In particular the controller must be able to avoid the inefficiency of having the fan operate all the time. Several control options were considered at presence sensing circuit, which would turn the fan off when people are not in the room with the fan and a temperature sensor input, which would change the fan operation depending on room temperature [Peter et al, 2015]. Based on the observation of the using the present conventional fan application, it always working all the time without a systematic control. Therefore, the control of the fan is adjusted through a feedback control system to monitor and maintain a constant temperature based on the data input from thesensor.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objectives of this project are:
i. To control the speed of a fan according the set room temperature.
ii. To design a controller using temperature sensor.
iii. To analyses the performance of thecontroller.
1.4 PROBLEMSTATEMENT
The problem happens when the fan is still functioning although in the event of cold weather. The function is uncontrolled and must be manually turned on and off. Sometimes it can lead to high usage of electricity which in turn raises the electricity bill when the user forgot to switch it off. The system also does not have the capacity to adjust the room temperature regardless of the ambient temperature. To address the problem, the automatic room temperature control that can control the temperature automatically is proposed.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The main purpose of this work is to have a self control fan operating system.
1.6 SCOPE OF THEPROJECT
Below are the scopes of the project:
i. The controller used is lm35 temperature sensor
ii. Inside and outside room temperature are used in the controllerdesign.
iii. The analysis controller performance in terms of automatic temperature control based on the speed of compressor of air conditioningsystem.
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device can be used for temperature control electrical appliances such as:
i. Air conditioner
ii. Refrigerator
iii. Fan,
iv. furnace
v. water-heaters,
vi. snow-melters,
vii. ovens,
viii. heat-exchangers,
ix. mixers,
x. furnaces, incubators, thermal baths, and veterinary operating tables.
1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The advantages of such a system are less energy usage, and provides more convenient to the consumers.
1.9 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
- Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work was discussed.
- Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
- Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
- Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
- Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
Temperature-based fan speed control and monitoring with Arduino is a useful project that can help you maintain a consistent temperature in a room or enclosure by adjusting the fan speed based on the temperature readings. In this project, we’ll use an Arduino board, a temperature sensor (such as a DHT22 or DS18B20), and a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) capable fan to achieve this. Here’s a step-by-step guide to get you started:
Components Needed:
- Arduino board (e.g., Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano)
- Temperature sensor (e.g., DHT22, DS18B20)
- 4-pin PWM fan
- NPN transistor (e.g., 2N3904)
- Diode (e.g., 1N4007)
- Resistor (e.g., 10k ohms)
- Breadboard and jumper wires
- 5V power supply for the fan (if required)
Circuit Connection:
- Connect the temperature sensor to the Arduino as per its datasheet. For example, if you are using a DHT22 sensor, you’ll need to connect its data pin to a digital input pin on the Arduino (e.g., D2).
- Connect the PWM fan as follows:
- Connect the fan’s ground (GND) pin to the Arduino’s ground (GND).
- Connect the fan’s power supply voltage (Vcc) to the Arduino’s 5V output (or an external 5V power source).
- Connect the fan’s PWM pin to a PWM-capable digital output pin on the Arduino (e.g., D9).
- To control the fan’s speed using PWM, you’ll need to use an NPN transistor. Connect the transistor as follows:
- Connect the transistor’s collector pin to the fan’s ground (GND).
- Connect the transistor’s emitter pin to the Arduino’s ground (GND).
- Connect the transistor’s base pin to a digital output pin on the Arduino (e.g., D3) via a 10k-ohm resistor.
- Connect a diode across the fan’s terminals (cathode to Vcc, anode to GND) to protect against back EMF when the fan turns off.
Arduino Sketch:
Here’s a basic Arduino sketch to control the fan speed based on temperature readings from the sensor:
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
const int fanPWMpin = 9; // Digital pin connected to the fan’s PWM input
const int fanSpeedMin = 20; // Minimum fan speed (0-255)
const int fanSpeedMax = 255; // Maximum fan speed (0-255)
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
dht.begin();
pinMode(fanPWMpin, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// Read temperature and humidity from the sensor
float temperature = dht.readTemperature();
// Check if the temperature reading is valid
if (!isnan(temperature)) {
// Map the temperature to the fan speed
int fanSpeed = map(temperature, 20, 30, fanSpeedMin, fanSpeedMax);
// Set the fan speed using PWM
analogWrite(fanPWMpin, fanSpeed);
// Print temperature and fan speed to the serial monitor
Serial.print(“Temperature: “);
Serial.print(temperature);
Serial.print(“°C, Fan Speed: “);
Serial.println(fanSpeed);
}
delay(5000); // Delay between readings
}
This code reads the temperature from the DHT22 sensor, maps it to a fan speed value between fanSpeedMin and fanSpeedMax, and controls the fan’s speed using PWM.
Remember to install the necessary libraries (Adafruit_Sensor and DHT) in your Arduino IDE if you haven’t already.
Upload this code to your Arduino board, and it should adjust the fan speed based on the temperature readings from the sensor.
Please note that this is a basic example, and you can further refine and customize the code to suit your specific requirements and hardware setup. Additionally, make sure to provide proper power to the fan and follow safety precautions while working with electronics