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Design And Construction Of Automatic Fan Control Using PIR Sensor And Lm35D Sensor

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Engineering

The design and construction of an automatic fan control system utilizing a PIR sensor and LM35D sensor involves integrating two distinct sensor technologies to regulate fan operation based on environmental conditions. The Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor detects human presence or movement within its detection range, while the LM35D sensor measures ambient temperature. By combining these sensors, the system can respond dynamically to both occupancy and temperature changes. When the PIR sensor detects movement, signaling human presence, and the LM35D sensor indicates a rise in temperature beyond a predetermined threshold, the fan is activated to provide ventilation and cooling. Conversely, when the sensors detect no movement or the temperature falls below the set threshold, the fan is deactivated to conserve energy. This integrated approach optimizes comfort and energy efficiency by automatically adjusting fan operation according to real-time conditions, enhancing the overall functionality of the system.

ABSTRACT

This work is on automatic fan control system. This device is designed with Arduino microcontroller, PIR sensor and LM35D which is quite useful for conference halls, auditoriums, cinema halls, and other commercial organizations where many people gathered together, and lot of fans are required at these places. So in this project we will provide two functions. First one is, control the turned on/off the fan with respect to the human detection rather than the use of manual switching system. Other function is control the speed of a fan with respect of temperature set. In this project Arduino Uno forms the processing part. Which firstly detect the human with the use of PIR sensor and senses the temperature with the use of LM35(Temperature sensor). Arduino Uno senses the temperature and control the speed with the set temperature. This is set by the user. When the current temperature is greater than or equal to the set temperature the fan turned on otherwise it will stay off. For turning on here should be two condition supposed to be true. One is object detection and other one is temperature should be appearing at set temperature. After turning on the fan speed will be change accordingly with temperature. Whenever the temperature will be increase fan speed will be increase.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

ABBREVIATION

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
PROBLEM STATEMENT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FANS
REVIEW OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEMPERATURE CONTROLLERS AND THEIR WORKING PRINCIPLE
DEFINITION OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR
TYPES OF TEMPERATURE SENSORS
REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND CONNECTION

3.3 BILL OF MATERIALS

3.4 WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

3.5 SOURCE CODE/PROGRAM

CHAPTER FOUR

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
CASING AND PACKAGING
ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
LIMITATION
FUTURE SCOPE

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In our country especially in rooms switching on or off electrical fans is still commonly made by manual switches Hence, people are becoming so busy that they forgot to turn off switches after leaving the room. The world temperature is increasing rapidly so a new technology is required to adapt to this varying temperature The need for automatic system is the concern of today’s technology.

There are two functions in this system. Switching on and off control according to human detection and Speed control of the fan according to temperature. Fan speed will be changed automatically according to temperature using LM35 and fan will be turned on when the temperature will appear to 27⁰ C and when human will enter the room. Fan will be turned off when human will leave the room. Temperature and speed information will be displayed in a LED screen. Temperature sensor (LM35) will senses the room temperature. The speed of the fan is controlled by using PWM technique according to the room temperature. PIR sensors used to detect the people who are entering or leaving in the room .PIR sensors allow to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of the room.

1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Traditionally fan ON/OFF and speed adjustment is done manually by the user which can lead to waste of energy when the user forgot to switch OFF the fan thereby increasing electric bill. Secondly, switching on/off of the fan can still become a problem to a physically challenge person especially for any kind of visual impaired and short-heighted persons. To address these problems, the automatic fan control was proposed. This device switches ON the fan whenever an object (human) is detected and OFF the fan when no object is detected. It also controls the speed of the fan automatically according to the room temperature.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to build a device that uses a PIR sensor to turn a fan ON/oFF and an LM35 sensor to control the speed of the fan with PWM.

The objectives of this project are:

To control the speed of a fan according the set room temperature.
To design an automatic fan controller using temperature and motion sensor.

To replace the manual operation of an electric fan.

1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of this work is to create an efficient fan so that when we use the fan there is no need to manually set speed and on / off, or when we forget to turn off the fan we don’t need to fear more electricity costs.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this study covers building an automatic fan controller that uses PIR sensor as an on / off device with input detects human or human movement.LM35 sensor as a fan switch with indoor temperature input, when the room temperature is getting higher then the speed of the fan is also getting higher, and vice versa. We also use the IRF530N transistor because the supply voltage is 12 Volts.

1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device can be used for temperature control electrical appliances such as:

Air conditioner
Refrigerator

Fan,

furnace
water-heaters,
snow-melters,

ovens,
heat-exchangers,

mixers,
furnaces, incubators, thermal baths, and veterinary operating tables.

1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The advantages of such a system are less energy usage, and provides more convenient to the consumers.

Working on this topic exposes our knowledge to the how our home appliances can automatically controlled. This work serves as a means of becoming conversant with motion sensor (PIR), temperature sensor (LM35) and arduino.

1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work was discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.