»

Design And Construction Of A Water Level Monitor With Floatless Switch

The design and construction of a water level monitor with a floatless switch involves creating a system that accurately measures water levels without the need for traditional floats. Utilizing ultrasonic sensors or pressure transducers, the device detects water levels within a container or reservoir. By integrating these sensors with a microcontroller, such as an Arduino or Raspberry Pi, and programming it to interpret sensor data, the monitor can provide real-time information on water levels. This setup offers advantages such as reliability, as it eliminates mechanical components prone to wear and tear, and versatility, allowing installation in various environments. Additionally, the system can be enhanced with features like data logging and remote monitoring via wireless communication protocols like Wi-Fi or GSM. Overall, this project addresses the need for a modern, efficient water level monitoring solution suitable for diverse applications, including industrial processes, agriculture, and home automation, while also reducing maintenance requirements and ensuring accurate data collection for informed decision-making.

ABSTRACT

Water is an essential resource in the world and currently household drinking water is an important asset to save the life due to shortage of water in the earth. This paper describes the design and development process of an automatic control system for tap water using floatless water level sensor which can save wastage of water without the presence of any operator physically. This sensing system utilizes a combination of a solenoid valve, electromagnetic relay (a type of electrical switch), floatless level controller (61F) and electrodes (used to sense the watery level electrically). The developed system can automatically control the water tap accordingly when level sensor can sense the lower level of water tank. Also, the system has ability to activate the relay which starts solenoid valve. The entire process can continue until sense the upper level of water. After that the system deactivates the relay as well as the solenoid which can stop the water flow through tap, when the upper level is sensed. In summary, the developed system is able to control the water tap to protect the wastage of valuable water by this mechanism. This system is low-cost compare to other commercial systems, was tested to assess the success rate of the development . The result shows an autonomous plus robust monitoring system with satisfactory result which is relatively simple to install.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.4 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY

1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1.6 PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED WORK

2.2 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SENSOR

2.3 THE CONCEPT OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTIONS METHODOLOGY

3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.3 CIRCUIT OPERATION

3.4 COMPONENTS USED

3.5 THE WORKING PRINCIPLE

4.7 POWER SUPPLY COMPONENTS

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTION

4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.5 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 CONCLUSION

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

5.6 BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Water Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set motor will control the operation of the pump- set depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination Storage Tanks. It Switches ON the Pump-set when Water level drops below pre-set level in Overhead Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full ,Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level is low in tank , and Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient water in the tank.

Automatic water level controller circuit is a engineering project. It can automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump set depending on the tank water level. You can implement this motor driver circuit at your home or college using less costly components. The main advantage of this water level controller circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user interaction.

The automatic pump controller eliminates the need for any manual switching of pumps installed for the purpose of pumping water from a reservoir to an overhead tank. It automatically switches on the pump when the water level in the tank falls below a certain low level, provided the water level in the reservoir is above a certain level . Subsequently, as the water level in the tank rises to an upper level (M), the pump switched off automatically. The pump is turned on again only when the water level again falls below level in the tank, provided the level in the reservoir is above R. This automated action continues.

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective this work is constructing a device that will control the flow and pumping of water in the overhead tank or underground tank. This sensing system utilizes a combination of a solenoid valve, electromagnetic relay (a type of electrical switch), floatless level controller (61F) and electrodes (used to sense the watery level electrically).

1.2 ADVANTAGES OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

Advantages of automatic intruder are as follows:

Suitability: These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.
Easy to Operate: these systems come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.
Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.
Materials of Construction: this water control system is protected the against corrosion.
Safety : This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.
Save roofs
Save water
Save electricity

1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

It can be installed in

hotels,
hospitals,

industries such as automobile,

irrigation,
and also at homes, or wherever water is pump either underground or overhead.

1.3 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

i. Automatic Water Level Controller (AWLC) will automatically START the pump set as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined level and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full or water level in the lower tank is at below minimum level.

ii. This system provides you the flexibility to decide for yourself the water levels for operations of pump set in upper/lower tanks.

iii. Built in Indications for showing Full, Empty Levels in Upper Tank and Lower Tank Empty Indication.

iv. The system ensures no overflows or dry running of pump there by saves electricity and water.

a. Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This device saves wastage of water without the presence of any operator physically. This sensing system utilizes a combination of a solenoid valve, electromagnetic relay (a type of electrical switch), floatless level controller (61F) and electrodes (used to sense the watery level electrically). The developed system can automatically control the water tap accordingly when level sensor can sense the lower level of water tank. Also, the system has ability to activate the relay which starts solenoid valve

1.6 PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT

Sensors used are built with conductive material, which means that they are subject to rusting or corrosion. When rusting occurs the sensors will stop conducting thereby causing this device will stop working.

1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to Water level controller. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of Water level controller were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of Water level controller. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.