Design And Construction Of PVC Full Conduit Wiring System For Six Bedroom Bungalow

ABSTRACT

Electrical conduits are the infrastructure of electrical installations. Building technology is one of the construction stages of a house which is used longest – mostly for the entire life of the building. Those who want to install only the minimum equipment in the new building for cost reasons should plan ahead and include several conduits. A professional retrofit installation of cables in the wall causes dirt and is disproportionately expensive. In addition, this is hardly possible in concrete walls. Frequently, conduits show their true value years later when owners and tenants consider buying new technical gadgets

This is why a well-planned, comprehensive installation of conduits assures the builders already at the construction stage that they can always use new technologies in their home – and this with very little installation effort. Renovation and modernisation should also be used in existing buildings to install conduits to make the house ready for the future. Electrical conduits are the right investment to make residential property future-proof and are sure to pay off in the long run. This work is aimed at constructing a pvc full conduit wiring system for six bedroom bungalow

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• RESEARCH QUESTION
• HYPOTHESIS
• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• LIMITATION OF STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• INTRODUCTION
• REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
• NOTIFIABLE ELECTRICAL WORK
• ELECTRICAL ACCESSORIES INSTALLATION
• CONDUIT INSTALLATIONS
• ELECTRICAL SWITCHES
• PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
• WIRING SYSTEMS
• FIXING THE CONDUITS
• WIRING ACCESSORIES
• EARTHING SYSTEMS
• CHOICE OF WIRING SYSTEMS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

• CHOICE OF CONDUIT
• MATERIALS USED
• E.E REGULATION
• INSTALLATION OF CONDUIT
• CONDUIT CAPACITY
• WIRING SYSTEM
• CONDUIT WIRING
• TABLE OF SPACE FACTOR
• LOAD SCHEDULE
• RATING FACTORS

CHAPTER FOUR

• DATA OF PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
• VERIFICATION OF POLARITY TEST
• INSULATION TEST
• EARTHLING TEST
• TYPES OF EARTH ELECTRODE
• CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• FUSES
• CALCULATION UNDER DIVERSITY
• DURABILITY
• SAFET

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• BILL OF QUANTITY
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
  • BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Building wiring is the electrical wiring and associated devices such as switches, meters and light fittings used in buildings or other structures. Electrical wiring uses insulated conductors.

Wires and cables are rated by the circuit voltage, temperature and environmental conditions (moisture, sunlight, oil, chemicals) in which they can be used, and their maximum current. Wiring safety codes vary by country, and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is attempting to standardise wiring amongst member countries. Colour codes are used to distinguish line, neutral and earth (ground) wires.

An electrical conduit is a tube used to protect and route electrical wiring in a building or nonbuilding structure. Electrical conduit may be made of metal, plastic, fiber, or fired clay. Most conduit is rigid, but flexible conduit is used for some purposes.

Conduit is generally installed by electricians at the site of installation of electrical equipment. Its use, form, and installation details are often specified by wiring regulations, such as the US National Electrical Code (NEC) and other building codes.

Electrical conduit provides very good protection to enclosed conductors from impact, moisture, and chemical vapors. Varying numbers, sizes, and types of conductors can be pulled into a conduit, which simplifies design and construction compared to multiple runs of cables or the expense of customized composite cable. Wiring systems in buildings may be subject to frequent alterations. Frequent wiring changes are made simpler and safer through the use of electrical conduit, as existing conductors can be withdrawn and new conductors installed, with little disruption along the path of the conduit.

A conduit system can be made waterproof or submersible. Metal conduit can be used to shield sensitive circuits from electromagnetic interference, and also can prevent emission of such interference from enclosed power cables.

When installed with proper sealing fittings, a conduit will not permit the flow of flammable gases and vapors, which provides protection from fire and explosion hazard in areas handling volatile substances.

Some types of conduit are approved for direct encasement in concrete. This is commonly used in commercial buildings to allow electrical and communication outlets to be installed in the middle of large open areas. For example, retail display cases and open-office areas use floor-mounted conduit boxes to connect power and communications cables.

Both metal and plastic conduit can be bent at the job site to allow a neat installation without excessive numbers of manufactured fittings. This is particularly advantageous when following irregular or curved building profiles. Special equipment is used to bend the conduit without kinking or denting it.

The cost of conduit installation is higher than other wiring methods due to the cost of materials and labor. In applications such as residential construction, the high degree of physical damage protection may not be not required, so the expense of conduit is not warranted. Conductors installed within conduit cannot dissipate heat as readily as those installed in open wiring, so the current capacity of each conductor must be reduced (derated) if many are installed in one conduit. It is impractical, and prohibited by wiring regulations, to have more than 360 degrees of total bends in a run of conduit, so special outlet fittings must be provided to allow conductors to be installed without damage in such runs.

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Adeniyi, (2004) and Chan, (1999) developed a models for determining building durations in Nigeria and Hong Kong respectively; also, Temitope, (2001) has also developed a predictive model for the determination of the final cost of construction project; Onwe (2012), also wrote a research work that deals with the measurement of electrical services in buildings; but there is yet not a research work or study carried out to determine the probable cost of electrical services in residential buildings, nor a model for the costs of final sub-circuits in residential electrical installations.

Moreover, most architectural drawings for residential buildings such as those of bungalows and duplexes are not usually accompanied with its corresponding detailed electrical drawings which have led cost engineers such as quantity surveyors/estimators to find a way of determining the cost of electrical services through the use of provisional sums which is more of a guess work.

Also, the non-availability of electrical drawings for residential buildings could lead to variations and loads of claims by the contractors in situations in which the estimated allowances for such electrical installations is found to have been underestimated; therefore, the desire and requirements by the clients to get accurate estimate in order to enable them to take a right decision regarding the feasibility of proposed building services such as electrical works in residential buildings becomes unrealizable.

Therefore, a cost model will provide an acceptable solution within this scenario. As identified by Beeston (1987), “A cost model’s task is to estimate the cost of a whole design or of an element of it, or to calculate the cost of effect of a design change.” Authors have used this approach to solve the similar problems.

• RESEARCH QUESTION

1. How many electrical wires can be in a conduit?
2. What is full conduit wiring?

• How do you install electrical conduit indoors?

1. Do electrical wires need to be in conduit?
   • HYPOTHESIS
2. PVC full conduit wiring system is more reliable and rugged than trucking
3. pvc full conduit wiring system is not reliable and rugged than trucking
   • OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this work is to construct a PVC full conduit wiring system for six bedroom bungalow.

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

An electrical conduit (EC) is a piping system that is used to carry electrical wiring for either power or communication. These piping systems are commonly referred to as raceways. The EC’s are solid and they are used to both house and protect electrical cables and wiring. EC’s may be made from a variety of metal’s, plastic and fibers. Some of these varieties are available in flexible forms for your special need and run in 10 foot increments. Here is a list of your most common EC’s.

PVC is made from a combination of both plastic and vinyl. PVC pipes can be installed above ground, underground or encased in cement. PVCs are most commonly used underground. These pipes are light weight, flexible, impact resistant, non conductive, ultraviolet resistant and corrosion resistant.  They are popular because they have watertight joints and low installation costs.  They are not interchangeable with other EC’s.

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Conduit is a rugged, protective tube through which wires are pulled. Careful planning and practice will result in a professional-looking electrical system. A pvc conduit wiring system is probably the most challenging of the electrical systems to install. Although it may seem at first glance to be a simple task, cutting and threading conduit efficiently requires considerable skill. With the instructions that follow and on-the-job experience, you should soon be able to do this well.

Concealed electrical wiring has become the norm of the day in modern construction. For safety and security of the installation, conduit pipes of different strengths are used to encase the wiring and placed in grooves carved on the brick surface, before the walls and ceilings are plastered and cemented.
Since the conduit pipes are inlaid, they should remain intact for the life of the building. Ensuring safety from electrical and fire hazards, conduit pipes also stand the test of time against all kinds of weather conditions.

• DEFINITION OF TERMS

ELECTRIC CURRENT: The electricity with which we commonly deal is a form of energy force that may be transferred into heat, light or motion — (motion for instance, such as in an electric motor). The flow of electricity cannot be seen, for easier understanding it will be compared with water in some of the explanations to follow.

DIRECT CURRENT: Direct current (D.C.) is a continuous flow of electricity in one direction and may be generated in an electric dynamo. However, we arc most familiar with it as it comes from a storage battery such as is used in an automobile. It is not generally used for power and light because it cannot be transmitted over great distances economically. Direct current may be compared to the steady How of water through a pipe.

ALTERNATING CURRENT: Alternating current (A.C.) is a flow of electricity that reverses its direction several times a second. The most common type in use today is 60 cycle, in which the direction of the flow is reversed 120 times every second. Alternating current is generally used today because it can be transmitted at high voltages over great distances economically, and can be transformed to lower voltage for the home by use of comparatively inexpensive transformers. The movement of alternating current in a wire can be compared with the action of a reciprocating water pump.

VOLT: A volt is the unit of pressure in measuring electrical force. It can be compared with pounds per square inch in measuring water pressure.

AMPERE: An ampere is the unit used in measuring the rate of flow of electricity just as the expression gallons per minute is used in measuring the rate of flow of water.

WATT: A watt is the unit of power representing work that is done by a current of one ampere under a pressure of one volt. Approximately 746 watts equals one horse power.

KILOWATT: A kilowatt is the equivalent of 1000 watts. A kilowatt hour is 1000 watts of electricity used in one hour’s time. Electricitv rates are based on kilowatt hours.

• LIMITATION OF STUDY

1. It is difficult to install
2. Fault finding process is difficult

• More time is required during the installation

1. It is expensive compare to other wiring
2. In case of pvc conduit wiring, risk of mechanical injury is possible.