Design And Implementation Of A Computerized Database System For Outpatient
The design and implementation of a computerized database system for outpatient management is pivotal in modern healthcare settings, facilitating efficient storage, retrieval, and management of patient data. This system encompasses various components, including a user-friendly interface for inputting and accessing information, robust security measures to safeguard sensitive data, and scalable architecture to accommodate increasing volumes of patient records. Through integration with electronic medical records (EMRs) and interoperability with other healthcare systems, such a database enhances communication and coordination among healthcare providers. Additionally, features such as appointment scheduling, prescription management, and billing functionalities streamline administrative processes, optimizing workflow efficiency. By leveraging advanced technologies like cloud computing and data analytics, this system empowers healthcare organizations to make informed decisions, improve patient care outcomes, and adapt to evolving healthcare demands.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.2 Background
1.3 Statement Of Problem:
1.4 Purpose Of Study:
1.5 Research Methodology:
1.6 Objective Of Study:
1.7 Significance Of Study:
1.8 Scope Of The Study:
1.9 Limitations Of The Study:
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology And System Analysis Of The Present System
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Design Methodology
3.1.1 Logical Data Modeling (Ldm):
3.1.2 Data Flow Modeling (Dfm):
3.1.3 Entity Behavior Modeling (Ebm)
3.1.1 Feasibility Study
3.2 Method Or Source Of Data Collected
3.3 Analysis Of Present System
3.3.1 Advantages Of Present System
3.4 Analysis Of Proposed System
3.4.1 Chareacterstic Of The Proposed System
3.4.2 Advantages Of Proposed System
3.5 High Level Model Of The Proposed System
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 System Design, Implementation & Testing
4.1 Objectives Of The Design
4.2 Main Menu (Control Center)
4.3.0 Database Specification
4.3.1 Login Information File Structure
4.5.0 Input Specification
4.5.1 Output Specification
4.7 Choice Of Programming Language
4.8 Coding
4.9 Debugging
4.10 Testing
4.11 Documentation.
4.12 Implementation.
4.13 System Requirements
4.13.1 Personal/Manpower Requirement:
4.13.2 Hardware Requirement:
4.14 Software Requirement
4.15 User Manual
4.16 Maintenance
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary
5.1 Recommendation
5.2 Conclusion
Reference
INTRODUCTION
A Geographical Information System (GIS) is a system of
hardware, software and procedures to facilitate the management,
manipulation, analysis, modeling, representation and display of
geo‐referenced data to solve complex problems regarding planning
and management of resources. Functions of GIS include data entry,
data display, data management, information retrieval and analysis.
The applications of GIS include mapping locations, quantities and
densities, finding distances and mapping and monitoring change.
There are mainly three categories of geographic positioning systems
to determine or track a user’s location, which have been designed and
proposed over the years. These systems are mainly three categories:
Global Positioning System, Wide-area Location System and
Indoor Positioning System. Global Positioning System (GPS)
receives signals from multiple satellites to determine the
physical location of a user.
The limitation for this system is that it is inefficient for indoor use;
alongside in urban areas it often possesses difficulties in receiving
signals where high buildings shield the satellite signals.
Wide-area location systems are mainly based on cellular
networks that involve measuring the signal strength, the angle of
signal arrival and/or the time difference of signal arrival. The
positioning information in wide-area location systems is highly
limited by the cell size or cell coverage.
Several approaches have been proposed for indoor location
sensing or indoor positioning system such as infrared sensing, radio
frequency, ultrasonic and scene capture analysis. There are also a few
technologies to use within indoor areas, such as GPS psudo lite,
ultrasonic and cellular-based systems, which need considerable
supporting devices and facilities. Each of these methods has their own
advantages and disadvantages. Some are expensive to implement,
while others are not very accurate. The Active Badge is the first
location system. Radar, well-known approach, is an RF (Radio
Frequency) system for locating and tracking users within large
structures. The approach is an empirical method and a signal
propagation model. This procedure determines user location by
combining signal strength measurements with signal propagation
models. RF signal strength within building is affected by multipath
propagation effects and absorption, resulting in non-linear behavior.
The results show that the empirical method is superior in terms of
accuracy with median resolution in the range of about 3m and the
signal propagation model has 4.3m accuracy (median), but it makes
deployment easier. The applications of indoor positioning are many,
for instance, location-finding, indoor robots, inventory tracking,
security, etc.
Geographic Information (GI) represents information that can be
associated to a location on Earth, information about nature
phenomena, natural, cultural and human resources in general. A GIS
(Geographic Information System) represents an ensemble of
hardware-software for capturing stocking, validating, managing,
analyzing and visualizing data that have a geographic reference.
1.2 BACKGROUND
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS
Function of an Information system is to improve one’s ability to
make decisions. An Information system is a chain of operations
starting from planning the observation and collection of data, to store
and analysis of the data, to the use of the derived information in some
decision making process. A GIS is an information system that is
designed to work with data referenced to spatial or geographic
coordinates. GIS is both a database system with specific capabilities
for spatially referenced data, as well as a set of operation for working
with data. There are three basic types of GIS applications which might
also represent stages of development of a single GIS application.
Inventory Application
Many times the first step in developing a GIS application is
making an inventory of the features for a given geographic area.
These features are represented in GIS as layers or themes of data. The
emphasis at this stage of application development consists of updating
and simple data retrieval.
Analysis Application
Upon completion of the inventory stage, complex queries on
multiple layers can be performed using spatial and spatial analysis
techniques.
Management Application
More advanced spatial and modeling techniques are required to
support the decisions of managers and policy makers. This involves
shifting of emphasis from basic geographic data handling to
manipulation, analysis and modeling in order to solve real world
problems.
Uses of Coastal GIS Packages
1. Retrieval of information of any specific site.
2. Provision of summary data for planning purpose.
3. Graphical display for educational and public relation exercise.
4. Classification of coasts and management zone.
5. Predicting modeling to determine.
A. Projections of coastal changes.
B. Impacts of individual schemes.
C. Impacts from changes of use.
D. Impacts from natural calamities.
1.3 Statement of Problem:
The application of GIS is so enormous that it is only limited to the
mindset of the administrators and users. This project therefore focuses
on the visualization and manipulation of geospatial information to
support decision making in urban development and other areas the
GIS can be applied.
1.4 purpose of study:
The purpose of this project is to support decision making with the use
of geospatial information. With the help of a GIS you will have at
your disposal the necessary instruments to analyze:
The selection and analysis of the location;
The profile, the dividing and the prospecting of the customers;
The potential of new marketing.
Potential crime area
Topology and so on.
1.5 Research Methodology:
Hybrid method (quantitative and qualitative method) as both
literature and text was used, interviews and direct observation of the
subject matter.
1.6 Objective of study:
The main aim of the objective is to design and implement location
retrieval system which will help To provide GIS for geospatial
information visualization To provide goe-data manipulation via a web
interface. Support decision making in urban businesses Support
erosion control, business site
1.7 Significance of study:
To provide the thematic map of the major business areas in the
state capital Awka.
1.8 Scope of the study:
This research work is to design software that will enable
people or strangers in awka to locate places using a map, such
as street, estate, house numbers, schools, police station etc
through the use of location retrieval system using php and data.
1.9 limitations of the study:
1. One of the limitations of the project is time as the
researchers have to combine lectures with other activities
involve in the course to obtain a degree in CARITS
UNIVERSITY.
2. The other limitation is literature as the topic is relatively
new not too many materials are readily available for
review.
SHARE PROJECT MATERIALS ON:
Computerized Database System For Outpatient:
Designing a computerized database system for outpatient services involves creating a structured and efficient system to manage patient information, appointments, medical records, and other relevant data. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you design such a system:
1. Define Requirements:
a. Identify Key Features:
- Patient Registration: Capture and store patient demographics.
- Appointment Scheduling: Allow for the booking and management of appointments.
- Medical Records: Maintain a comprehensive record of patient health history.
- Prescription Management: Record and manage prescribed medications.
- Billing and Invoicing: Track financial transactions related to outpatient services.
- Reporting: Generate reports for analysis and decision-making.
b. Compliance and Security:
- Ensure compliance with healthcare regulations (e.g., HIPAA).
- Implement robust security measures to protect patient information.
2. Database Design:
a. Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD):
- Identify entities (e.g., Patient, Appointment, Doctor) and their relationships.
- Define attributes for each entity.
b. Normalization:
- Organize data into normalized tables to minimize redundancy.
- Follow normalization rules to eliminate data anomalies.
c. Database Management System (DBMS):
- Choose a suitable DBMS (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB) based on requirements.
- Consider scalability, reliability, and performance.
3. User Interface (UI):
a. Patient-Friendly Interface:
- Design an intuitive interface for easy navigation.
- Ensure accessibility for users of all technical skill levels.
b. Appointment Scheduler:
- Implement a calendar-based system for appointment scheduling.
- Send automated reminders to patients.
4. System Architecture:
a. Client-Server Model:
- Divide the system into a client-side (user interface) and server-side (database).
- Ensure secure communication between the client and server.
b. Scalability:
- Design the system to accommodate future growth in data and user base.
5. Integration:
a. Integration with Lab Systems:
- Connect the outpatient system with laboratory systems for test results.
- Ensure seamless data flow between systems.
b. Billing Integration:
- Integrate billing functionalities with accounting systems for accurate financial tracking.
6. Security Measures:
a. Authentication and Authorization:
- Implement secure login mechanisms for authorized personnel.
- Define roles and permissions to control access to sensitive data.
b. Data Encryption:
- Encrypt sensitive data during transmission and storage.
7. Testing:
a. Unit Testing:
- Test individual components for functionality.
- Address bugs and issues promptly.
b. Integration Testing:
- Ensure all system components work together seamlessly.
8. Training and Documentation:
a. Training Programs:
- Train staff on using the new system.
- Provide ongoing support.
b. Documentation:
- Create user manuals and system documentation for reference.
9. Maintenance and Updates:
a. Regular Maintenance:
- Schedule routine maintenance tasks.
- Address system updates and patches promptly.
10. Continuous Improvement:
a. Gather Feedback:
- Collect feedback from users to identify areas for improvement.
- Implement updates and enhancements based on feedback.
By following these steps, you can develop a robust computerized database system for outpatient services that meets the needs of both healthcare providers and patients while ensuring data security and compliance with regulations.