Design And Construction Of Automatic Gate Opening And Closing Using Infrared Sensor

The project is titled design and construction of an automatic gate opener using infrared sensor. Opening and closing of doors is always a tedious job, especially in places like shopping malls, hotels and theatres where a person is always required to open the door for visitors.

This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by using sensors. The PIR sensor transmitter emit infrared radiation from a considerable distance and sends it to the receiver, commanding the receiver to either open the gate or to close it. This sensing signal is fed to a controller to operate a door motor through motor driver IC. The sensor sends a logical command to open the door. The door automatically closes with a fixed time delay.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF PIR SENSORS AND ITS APPLICATION
• TYPES OF MOTION SENSORS
• OTHER MOTION SENSOR FEATURES
• REVIEW OF DIFFERENT AUTOMATIC DOOR SENSORS
• REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
• RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATION

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN

• SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION

An automatic opening and closing of door sensor involves open and closing a door using sensor: The most common single-technology sensor operated door uses passive infrared (PIR) energy to recognize the movement of heat in a protected space, and the sensor compose of the transmitter and the receiver.

This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by pressing a remote when we want the door to be close and vice-versa. This is achieved with help of a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor. When the remote is pressed the sensor emits infrared energy which is been received by the receiver from a considerable distance. This sensing signal is fed to a controller to operate a door motor through motor driver IC.

When the remote is pressed, it sends a logical command to open or close the door. The door automatically closes with a fixed time delay. If there is no further movement within the PIR operating range. Interrupt signals are used through limit switches to avoid locked rotor condition of the motor.

1.3                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is constructing a device that will automatically open a door by detecting the presence of human approaching the door.

1.4                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The principle of the project lies in the functioning of the PIR Sensor. A PIR or Passive Infra-red Sensor, as the name indicates, doesn’t emit infrared rays but only detects them.

All humans emit infrared radiations in the form of body heat. A PIR Sensor will capture the difference between the room temperature and body temperature in the form of change in infrared radiation. This change in infrared pattern is converted to a voltage. The voltage from the Data Out of the PIR Sensor can be given to an integrated circuit for further processing like controlling a motor. This work was built around : transformer, an ic, transistor, PIR sensor, diodes, motor with sliding door, Motor Driver IC

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Automatic doors operate with the help of sensors. Sensors do exactly what they sound like they’d do: they sense things. There are many different types of sensors that can sense different types of things, such as sound, light, weight, and motion.

For example, some automatic doors operate when they’re triggered by sensors that sense weight. These weight sensors might be disguised in a rubber mat in front of the door. When you step on the mat, the sensors send a signal to the automatic doors that tells them to open.

Other automatic doors operate on optic or motion sensors. These sensors might be mounted above a set of automatic doors or built on the top or the sides of the frame of the automatic doors.

When these optic or motion sensors sense motion nearby, they trigger the automatic doors to open and then close. This is why, when you approach a set of automatic doors, they will open as soon as you get close enough to activate the sensors.

Automatic doors have many useful purposes, which is why you can find them in many different types of locations. From supermarkets to airports and many types of large buildings, automatic doors make it easier for people to get into and out of buildings. They are especially helpful for people who are handicapped.

Similar to revolving doors, automatic doors also help to save energy, since they limit the amount of time that doors are open to only those times people are entering or exiting a building. And if you’ve ever shopped until your hands are full of bags, you know how handy automatic doors can be when it’s time to head to the car!

1.6                                               PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT

An automatic door have some problem:

1. it has a limited distance to detect the human presence
2. if the sensor for the automatic door is not mounted securely, normal vibration, sign, plants and neon light can trigger the door open.
3. It cannot detect the small objects such as insects or raindrop.
4. Other objects such as dogs can trigger the circuit
5. The reliability of the sensor may also be affected by rapid environmental changes and direct sunlight. Also, things like a fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater. This is because a PIR sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy – specifically, the “heat energy” emitted by normal human skin temperature.

1.7                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

• The establishment of electric entryways involves a good amount of money related use. This ranges from buying the gate to services for installation. to paying for the administration of the installers.
• Most of the companies give free after sales services to a certain period of time. However, it is super costly after the time period is lapsed.
• In case of power failure, malfunctioning system or anyone trapped inside your property can cause inconvenience.
• This device has a limited range to cover.

1.8                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Automatic door aren’t just used for home security only. In industrial fields, they are used on assembly lines to keep track of the number of products and to shut down dangerous equipment if a person gets too close. Here are a few other ways PIR sensors are used:

• To open and close automatic Doors
• To turn on and off automatic water faucets and toilets
• To turn on lights when a person enters a room
• To control ATM displays
• At automatic ticket gates
• For some parking meters

1.9                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to motion based automatic door opener. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of an automatic door opener were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of an automatic door opener. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.