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Design And Construction Of An Infrared Protected Fence

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of an infrared-protected fence involve implementing a sophisticated security system that utilizes infrared technology to safeguard a designated area. This innovative solution integrates infrared sensors strategically placed along the fence perimeter to detect any unauthorized intrusion. These sensors, equipped with advanced motion detection capabilities, respond promptly to any movement within their range, triggering an immediate alert. The construction process requires meticulous placement of these sensors, ensuring comprehensive coverage and minimizing blind spots. The integration of a reliable control unit is pivotal, managing the system’s responsiveness and ensuring efficient communication between sensors. Additionally, the incorporation of durable and weather-resistant materials in the fence construction enhances its longevity and effectiveness, making it a robust defense mechanism against potential security threats. This cutting-edge approach to perimeter security underscores the continual evolution of safety measures in contemporary settings, offering a formidable deterrent against unauthorized access.

The project is on an infrared based fence protecting alarm system used in places like homes, shopping malls, hotels and theatres for detecting movement of a human being close to the fence or an intruder attempting to burglarize an environment via the fence.

This project proposes a system of automatic sensing any body movement object near the fence. This is achieved with help of a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor which detect an infrared emitting signal from a live body from a considerable distance. When a body approaches within the operating range of the sensor, it sends a logical command through an alarm indicating that someone is approaching the fence. If there is no further movement within the PIR operating range the alarm will automatically stop.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

  • AIM OF THE PROJECT
  • OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
  • PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
  • APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
  • LIMITATION /PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • REVIEW OF PIR SENSORS AND ITS APPLICATION
  • THE ROLE OF SENSORS IN YOUR HOME SECURITY
  • TYPES OF MOTION SENSORS
  • OTHER MOTION SENSOR FEATURES
  • REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY

 

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN

  • SYSTEM CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC
  • OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM
  • CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
  • DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULTS

  • CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
  • INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
  • ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
  • TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

  • CONCLUSION
  • RECOMMENDATION
  • REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION

The need for having home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has gone a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration.

The guard was also susceptible to sleep at times. It was then that home alarm system based upon electronic circuits were developed which proved to be highly reliable and were appreciated by the people as they were relieved from constant monitoring of their homes.

An infrared based fence protecting system is one of the home alarm which uses passive infrared (PIR) energy to recognize the movement of object, such as a person walking near the fence. It is most effective in detecting when the heat mass moves across its field of vision.

This project proposes a system of automatic fence protecting system by sensing any body movement near the fence. This is achieved with help of a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor. A live body generally emits infrared energy which is sensed by the PIR sensor from a considerable distance. This sensing signal is fed to an integrated circuit to operate an alarm.

1.2                                               OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this work is to design a device that will trigger an alarm when sensing any body movement near the fence.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Infrared protected fence circuit operates with the help of passive infrared sensor which is also called optic or motion sensors. These sensors might be mounted on or above the fence or built on the top or the sides of the frame of iron fence.

When these optic or motion sensors sense motion nearby, they trigger the alarm. Automatic door alarm has many useful purposes, which is why you can find them in many different types of locations.

The use of infrared makes it easy to construction; it also saves the power consumption and is low cost.

It is a great method of keeping intruders out of your facility.  But, also, it allows for better security if intruder do break in.  Alarms will sound, but the intruder won’t realize that they tripped it until it’s too late.  Then, the security system will work it is magic to catch the perpetrator.

1.4                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device not just used for home security. In industrial fields, they are used on assembly lines to keep track of the number of products and to shut down dangerous equipment if a person gets too close. Here are a few other ways this device is used:

  • To open and close automatic Doors
  • It can be used as an object detector
  • To turn on lights when a person enters a room
  • Ideal applications include support of boundary fences, gates, lanes or access routes. Installing them behind perimeter fences gives increased protection for vandal attacks.
  • From supermarkets to airports and many types of large buildings, infrared make it easier for people to get into and out of buildings. They are especially helpful for people who are handicapped.

1.5                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Generally, in security systems, infrared or laser transmitters and receivers are used. But these methods are cost effective. This work explains about PIR based fence protecting system in which PIR sensor is used instead of transmitter or receiver. This saves the power consumption and is low cost.

When someone or an intruder touches or goes too close to the fence, then it intercepts the first slot of the PIR sensor. This causes a positive differential change between the two bisects. When a human body leaves the sensing area, the sensor generates a negative differential change between the two bisects. The infrared sensor itself is housed in a hermetically sealed metal to improve humidity/temperature/noise/immunity. There is a window which is made of typically coated silicon material to protect the sensing element.

This work is based on PIR sensor with an IC that produces alarm. The PIR sensor detects the IR radiations emitted from the humans and it produces a digital output.

1.6                                 PROBLEM/LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

This device sensor has some problem:

  • It has a limited distance to detect the human/object
  • If the sensor is not mounted securely, normal vibration, sign, plants and neon light can trigger the alarm.
  • It cannot detect the small objects such as insects or animals.

The reliability of a PIR sensor may also be affected by rapid environmental changes and direct sunlight. Also, things like a fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater. This is because a PIR sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy – specifically, the “heat energy” emitted by normal human skin temperature.

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Design And Construction Of An Infrared Protected Fence:

An infrared protected fence, also known as an infrared security fence or perimeter security system, is a modern and sophisticated security solution designed to protect properties, facilities, or sensitive areas by creating a virtual barrier around them using infrared technology. This type of security system is commonly used in various applications, including military installations, industrial facilities, prisons, airports, and high-security commercial properties.

How it Works:

  1. Infrared Sensors: The key component of an infrared protected fence is the infrared sensors. These sensors emit infrared beams across the perimeter to create an invisible fence or barrier. When an object crosses or interrupts these infrared beams, the sensor detects the change and triggers an alarm or alert.
  2. Detection Zones: The infrared beams are typically divided into multiple detection zones, allowing for precise monitoring of different areas along the perimeter. This zoning helps in identifying the exact location of any intrusion and enables security personnel to respond quickly and appropriately.
  3. Alarm System: When an intrusion is detected, the infrared sensor activates an alarm system, which can include sirens, strobe lights, or notifications to a central monitoring station. The alarm alerts security personnel to the potential threat, prompting them to investigate and take appropriate action.
  4. Integration with Security Systems: Infrared protected fences are often integrated with other security systems, such as CCTV cameras, access control systems, and perimeter lighting. This integration enhances overall security by providing multiple layers of protection and enabling comprehensive surveillance and monitoring of the premises.
  5. Adjustable Sensitivity: The sensitivity of the infrared sensors can be adjusted to accommodate different environmental conditions and minimize false alarms. This flexibility ensures reliable detection while reducing the likelihood of nuisance alarms caused by factors such as wildlife, vegetation, or adverse weather conditions.

Types of Infrared Protected Fences:

  1. Active Infrared Systems: In active infrared systems, infrared beams are emitted from one point to another across the perimeter. Any interruption in these beams triggers an alarm. Active systems are commonly used in outdoor applications and can cover long distances.
  2. Passive Infrared Systems: Passive infrared systems detect changes in infrared radiation emitted by objects within their field of view. These systems are often used in indoor settings or areas with limited space, such as warehouses or office buildings. They are also commonly integrated into motion sensor lights for residential security.
  3. Dual Technology Systems: Some infrared protected fences combine both active and passive infrared technologies for enhanced reliability and accuracy. Dual technology systems are more resistant to false alarms and can provide more robust perimeter protection in challenging environments.

Benefits of Infrared Protected Fences:

  1. Effective Perimeter Protection: Infrared protected fences create a highly effective barrier against unauthorized intrusions, providing early detection and warning of potential security breaches.
  2. Deterrent to Intruders: The presence of a visible perimeter security system, such as an infrared protected fence, acts as a deterrent to potential intruders, reducing the likelihood of attempted breaches.
  3. Quick Response: With real-time detection and alerts, security personnel can respond quickly to any security threats, minimizing the risk of damage or loss.
  4. Scalability: Infrared protected fences can be customized and scaled to meet the specific security requirements of different properties and environments, from small residential properties to large industrial complexes.
  5. Integration with Security Systems: The ability to integrate with other security systems enhances overall security and provides a comprehensive solution for perimeter protection and surveillance.
  6. Low Maintenance: Once installed, infrared protected fences require minimal maintenance, making them a cost-effective long-term security solution.

Considerations for Installation:

  1. Site Survey: Before installation, a comprehensive site survey should be conducted to assess the layout, terrain, and environmental factors that may affect the performance of the infrared protected fence.
  2. Placement of Sensors: Proper placement of infrared sensors is crucial for optimal performance and coverage. Sensors should be strategically positioned to cover all potential entry points and vulnerable areas along the perimeter.
  3. Power Supply: Reliable power supply is essential for the continuous operation of the infrared protected fence. Backup power sources, such as batteries or generators, should be considered to ensure uninterrupted security in the event of a power outage.
  4. Integration with Existing Systems: If integrating the infrared protected fence with existing security systems, compatibility and communication protocols should be carefully evaluated to ensure seamless integration and interoperability.
  5. Training and Testing: Security personnel should receive training on the operation and maintenance of the infrared protected fence. Regular testing and maintenance procedures should be established to ensure the system remains operational and effective at all times.

Conclusion:

Infrared protected fences offer a highly effective and reliable solution for perimeter security, providing early detection and warning of potential security breaches. By leveraging infrared technology, these systems create a virtual barrier around properties, facilities, or sensitive areas, deterring intruders and enhancing overall security. With customizable configurations, integration with other security systems, and low maintenance requirements, infrared protected fences are a popular choice for securing various applications, from military installations to commercial properties and residential neighborhoods