Design And Construction Of An Industrial Robot Arm

ABSTRACT

The main concentration of the work was to make a cost efficient robotic arm in terms of industrial automation. It is a type of mechanical arm, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm; the arm may be a unit mechanism or may be a part of a more complex robotic process. The end effector or robotic hand can be designed to perform any desired task such as welding, gripping, spinning etc., depending on the application. For detective investigations and bomb disposal it can be used as an essential machine. In industry any kind of work which should be accurate and works continuously, normal programming algorithms and mechanical function can do the job perfectly .It can sense the co- ordinate of any object from conveyer and detect it. Its claw will grab the object and take it to a desire destination.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• BENEFIT OF AN INDUSTRIAL ROBOT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF A ROBOT
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ROBOT

2.2.1  Origin of the term ‘robot’

2.2.2  Early robots

2.2.3  Modern autonomous robots

2.3.4    Future development and trends

• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
• PROPOSED STUDY
• TECHNIQUES FOR ROBOT ARM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
• PROBLEM DESCRIPTION OF THE ROBOT ARM
• TYPES OF ROBOTS
• OVERVIEW OF ATMEGA-328 ARDUINO
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ARDUINO
• DEVELOPMENT OF ARDUINO

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     MATERIAL AND METHOD

3.1      INTRODUCTION

3.2      MATERIAL REQUIRED

• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• SYSTEM HARDWARE
• PROGRAMMING CODE
• MECHANICAL DESIGNING AND MODELING

CHAPTER FOUR

• RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                             INTRODUCTION

Industrial automation in terms of robotics is now a part and parcel of both industrial and human advancement. Robot arm is one off the most buzzing word in industrial automation. The arm is linked with some separate part. The links of such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion such as in an articulated robot or translational (linear) displacement. The links of the manipulator can be considered to form a kinematic chain. The terminus of the kinematic chain of the manipulator is called the end effector and it is analogous to the human hand. In the early days, people always try to overcome his limitation through machines and advanced engineering .In industry there are so many risky work that can hard workers. While risky works done by workers and while time is limited in terms of production and the product should be accurate robot arm is must. Moreover, accurate production can rarely obtain while the product is a technological or complex molding outcome. In terms of slow industrial production, it is the limitation for workers. In the solution the most and perfect solution would be a robotic arm. For example, robot arms in automotive assembly lines perform a variety of tasks such as welding and parts rotation and placement during assembly. In some circumstances, close emulation of the human hand is desired, as in robots designed to conduct bomb disarmament and disposal. In case of firefighting or rescue operation where human life is in danger robotic arm can be used as a rescue device. This can be functioned as required and can do works risky for human being. In case of rapid production the time limit for production will be shorten with the use of robotic arm.

1.1                                               BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

At first robot was developed by Leo nartho the vence. Now an Japanese robotics company KAKU manufacturing robotic arm which are so high cost and very complex in work field to control. In 2007 the world market grew by 3% with approximately 114,000 new installed industrial robots. At the end of 2007 there were around one million industrial robots in use, compared with an estimated 50,000 service robots for industrial use (Hsiao et al., 2018). Due to increase using of industrial robot arms, an evolution to that topic began trying to imitate human movements in a detail mode. For example a group of students in Korea made a design of innovations that robotic arm take account of dancing hand, weight lifting, Chinese calligraphy writing and color classification (Wang et al., 2009). Another group of engineers at USA develop eight degrees of freedom robot arm. This robot is able to grasp many objects with a lot of shapes from a pen to a ball and simulating also the hand of human being (Duc et al., 2007).In space, the Space Shuttle Remote Manipulator System, known as SSRMS or Canadarm, and its successor is example of multi degree of Freedom robot arms that have been used to perform a variety of tasks such as inspections of the space shuttle Using a specially deployed boom with cameras and sensors attached at the end effector and satellite deployment and retrieval man oeuvres from the cargo bay of the space shuttle (Duc et al., 2007). Some development was done on it.

1.2                                               STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Nowadays, facing the megatrend for smart factories of the future, industrial robots play a greatly important role not only in traditional pick-and-place tasks but also in many of the precision applications such as assembly, welding, and machining which can be so difficult, time consuming and tasking when they are been carried out by human being. These robots, in order to satisfy the requirements of new applications, must be designed to meet high end/performance requirements, i.e., high accuracy and high efficiency. The design process of an industrial robot with high speed performance brought solution to such works with high efficiency and stability.

1.3                                         AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this study is build an industrial robot which is designed to complete industrial tasks.

The objectives of the study are:

1. To develop the system prototype using available locally made materials.
2. To build a machine that performs tasks done traditionally by human beings.

• To reduce risk associated with human labour and mistake

1.4                                                      SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Scope of this work covers building an articulated robots’, and generally consist of a number of joints and axes that are said to resemble the movements and functions of a human arm.  An industrial robotic arm is commonly powered by some sort of motor and which is controlled using an arduino. Robot arms are usually programmed to carry out what humans would consider to be repetitive or difficult tasks and, as such, they often have specialized attachments.

1.5                                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study shall serve as a versatile and effective way to automate a variety of industrial processes. Robotic arms can be designed to complete welding tasks, stack pallets, or paint objects. One of the most widely known uses of robotic arms is in car manufacturing, but they can be put to excellent use in any number of industries worldwide.

1.6                                         BENEFIT OF AN INDUSTRIAL ROBOT

The main benefits of an industrial robotic arm over human labour include:

1. greater efficiency
2. greater speed

• greater accuracy and precision

1. cost saving
2. improve workplace safety
3. can run 24/7