Design And Fabrication Of Remote Controlled Solar Lawn Mower

ABSTRACT

Traditionally and even now in many places like an institution, organization, sports ground, industries, hotel, public center etc, cutting of grasses was done with a cutlass. This manual method is time-consuming and also inaccuracy level of cutting is observed. Aremotecontrolledsolarlawnmowerisadevicewhich reduces the work load on humans for trimming lawn.Rapid growth of various high-tech tools and equipmentmakes our work comfortable, accurate and time efficient.This project considers the implementation of a device whichcanbeoperatedwirelesslywiththehelpofaremote.Everyaction of the lawn mower is controlled byIR relays. Theprojectalsoaimsatfabricatingalawnmowerinwhich,themotorsrun withthehelp ofsolarenergy.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.2     PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.3  AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

1.4    SCOPE/LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1.5     PROJECT MOTIVATION

1.6   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

2.1    LITERATURE REVIEW

2.2     DESCRIPTION OF A LAWN MOWER

2.3       HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MOWER

2.4      REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES MOWER

2.5       REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS

CHAPTER THREE

• METHODOLOGY

3.1    BLOCKDIAGRAM

3.2   COMPONENTSUSEDINSOLARLAWNMOWER

3.3    PHOTOVOLTAICPRINCIPLE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1    FABRICATEDMODELv/sDESIGNEDMODEL

4.2   OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

4.3   CALCULATIONS OF THE LAWN MOWER

4.4    SYSTEM WORKING

4.5    PERFORMANCEFACTORS

4.6      DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 CONCLUSION

5.2    RECOMMENDATION

LIST OF SYMBOLS

G         =          Density

d          =          Diameter of the shaft

D         =          Diameter of the blade

W        =          Omega Angular Speed

J           =          Second Moment of inertia

M         =          Mass of the object

T          =          Torque

TI        =          Pie

V         =          Velocity

F          =          Cutting force

P          =          Power

          =          Shear stress

         =          Strain

L          =          Length

B         =          Breadth

H         =          Height

CHAPTER ONE

     1.0                                                              INTRODUCTION

     1.1                                                BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A lawn mower is a machine that uses cutting bladesor strings to trimlawn atan even height. The workingprinciple of a lawn mower is: High speed of rotation ofcutting blades provide the force required for effective andaccuratetrimmingoflawn.Lawnmowershavebecomeveryessentialinourdailylife.Moreandmorelawnmowershavebeen manufactured and used in the last few years. When weput all this together, a lot of power is being consumed bylawnmowers.Also,wecanobservethatlawnmowershavebeen the cause for a lot of air and noise pollution around theglobe.Thishasledtoconsumersseekingforwaystoreduceandsolvetheirowncarbonfootprints.Also,therearegovernment regulations limiting the pollution level of thedevicetoacertainmaximumlevel,whichisdecreasingovertheyears.

Our three member project team have observed this,and decided to design and fabricate a remote controlledsolar lawn mower, which not only reduces air and noisepollutionanddependenceonnon-renewableenergysources,but also reduces the work load on laborers and speeds upthe work. This lawn mower integrates a conventional lawnmowerwithsolarpanels,remotecontrolledoperationandastorageunitforcollectingtrimmedlawn.Wehaveincorporated all these features in our lawn mower at thelowestpricepossible,withoutcompromisingmuchonquality of the product. We hope to see this device as thefuture of lawn mowers around the globe in the years tocome.

1.2                                                            PROBLEM STATEMENT

The lawn mower is a mechanical device that literally shaves the surface of the grass by using a rapidly rotating blade or blades. For centuries, grass was cut by workers who walked through pastures or fields wielding small, sharp scythes. In addition to being tiring and slow, manual cutting was ineffective—the scythes worked well only when the grass was wet.

The requirement of electricity around the world isincreasing at an alarming rate due to industrial growth,whichinturnleadstoincreasedandextensiveuseofelectricalgadgets.Solarenergyisthebestalternativesource,whichisbothrenewable,andan eco-friendlysourceofenergy. This project will reduce environmental and noisepollutioncausedbyconventionallawnmowers.Thisprototype is user friendly, cost efficient, environmentfriendly, and all the actions of the mower is control by IR sensors.

1.3                                            AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to fabricationa remotecontrolledsolarlawnmower which is device whichcanbeoperatedwirelesslywiththehelpofaremote and power by a renewable energy source (solar).

Themainobjectivesofourprojectare:

• Todesign, fabricateand analysetheremotecontrolledlawnmower.

  1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The device which we have developed isa lawnmower which runs electrically by using DC motors whichdirectly power the wheels, rotating brush and the cutterthreads. The motors are powered using lead acid batterieswhich can be charged withthe help of renewable solarenergy.IRrelaysareusedforcontrollingthemovementsofthe device. Everyaction of the lawn mower is controlled byIR relays. The entire device is focused on lowering thefabricationandmanufacturingcoststomakeitaffordabletocommonman.

1.5      PROJECT MOVITATION

The advantages of this device are what motivated us to carry out this work: The solar grass cutter has panels mounted in a arrangement at an angle in such a way that it can receive solar radiation with high intensity easily from the sun. These solar panels convert solar energy into electrical energy. This machine consists of the photovoltaic, dc to dc converter, motor, controller, linear blades, and battery. It is an automated system for the purpose of grass cutting. This machine uses solar power as an energy source that addresses a number of issues that standard internal combustion engine mowers do not. An electric grass cutter with a solar charger will be easier to use. There is no messy, dangerous gasoline to deal with, most importantly it eliminates the emissions of an internal combustion mower. The device can be operated wirelesslywiththehelpofaremote. Other advantages are:

• Thedevicereduces workloadonhumans.
• Thecollectedlawncanbeusedasfertilizersforavariety ofvegetation.

1.6                                                 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The project will serve as a means of reducing environmental and noisepollutioncausedbyconventionallawnmowers. This project will also provide a means of reducing labour that is involved in operating conventionallawnmowers.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1                                                                     CONCLUSIONS

Ourprojectentitled“DesignandFabricationofRemoteControlledSolarLawnMower”issuccessfullycompleted and the results obtained are satisfactory. Thisprototype can be further modified for commercial use byincreasingitsefficiencyandreducingitscost.Thisprojectishas many advantages when compared to a conventionallawn mower, for instance: No fuel cost, no pollution and nofuel residue, less wear and tear because of less number ofmovingcomponents,andthedevicescanbeoperatedwirelessly. The device can be easily handled and reducesburden on humans. India is a country with abundance ofsunlight. Hence it is important that we make use of thisrenewable source of energy in replacement for other non-renewablesourceswhichgetdepletedovertime.Solarenergy is also pollution free, and hence doesn’t harm theenvironment.Theonlydrawbacksinusingsolarenergyarethattheinitialinvestmentsandthetimerequiredtochargethedevicearehigh,

At present, in order to curtail global warming andozonedepletion,theGovernmentofIndiaisofferingsubsidyfor the solar equipment. Industries are producing these solarequipmentinamassscale.Thisleadstoreductionofcostofthe system over time. So in the near future, there iis going tobemuchmoreuseofsolar energyaroundIndia.