Design And Installation Of 200 Watt Solar Power System
A 200-watt solar power system comprises photovoltaic panels, a charge controller, an inverter, and batteries, designed to harness solar energy efficiently. These systems utilize solar panels, typically composed of silicon-based cells, to convert sunlight into electricity. A charge controller regulates the flow of electricity from the panels to the batteries, preventing overcharging and maximizing battery lifespan. An inverter then converts the stored DC power from the batteries into AC power, suitable for powering household appliances or feeding back into the grid. Such systems are ideal for off-grid applications like remote cabins, RVs, or as supplemental power sources for residential homes, offering renewable energy solutions while reducing reliance on conventional electricity sources.
The 200W solar system was determined by load assessment, solar panel number determination, battery requirement and then inverter sizing. A complete solar panel rated at 200w was however purchased, together with 2 no. 150A solar battery, 1500W inverter and also 10A charge controller. These were assembled together with necessary protective gadgets like cut out switches; to give the 200W expected. The solar panel was mounted outside the building to allow for maximum collection of sun energy. It is expected that the system will help the department meet up with its office duties even when central power is not available.
Title Page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
List of figures
List of tables
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Need for the project
1.3 Scope of study
1.4 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO:
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The basics of solar power system
2.2 Principle of solar panel
2.2.1 Estimating system out
2.2.2 Standard test conditions
2.2.3 Temperature
2.2.4 Dirt and dust
2.2.5 Mismatch and wiring losses
2.3 Solar charge controller
2.4 Principle of inverter
2.4.1 Inverter sizing
2.4.2 DC to AC conversion losses
2.5 solar battery
2.5.1 Temperature effect
2.5.2 Battery voltage
2.5.3 Battery power conversion efficiency
2.5.4 Monitoring and maintenance
CHAPTER THREE:
3.0 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.1 Block diagram of the system
3.2 System operation with block diagram
CHAPTER FOUR:
4.0 SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Load evaluation and power consumption table
4.1.1 Calculating power consumption
4.2 Battery sizing
4.3 Solar panel sizing
4.3.1 Typical Pv electrical system types
4.3.2 Solar array sizing worksheet
CHAPTER FIVE:
5.0 PROCUREMENT AND INSTALLATION
5.1 Procurement
5.2 Determination of installation site
5.2.1 Mounting options
5.3 Installation procedure
CHAPTER SIX:
6.0 TEST AND RESULT
6.1 Test and results
CHAPTER SEVEN:
7.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
7.1 Conclusion
7.2 Recommendation
7.3 Limitation
Reference
INTRODUCTION
1.1 NEED FOR THE PROJECT
The general objective of the system is to provide efficiency, steadiness in the use of power appliances, by ensuring continuous availability of power supply even in the absence of mains. Uninterruptability of the system made it possible to eliminate all suspense from mains outage during the execution of an important and urgent assignment as may be required.
For better production of the system, the system was operated at a fully charged condition of the battery.
The project was rated 200W of 220V and 50Hz. It was expected that at this condition, it was favourable to carry load of the stipulated power. Loads of low power factors are not helpful since they produce spikes. Overloading is not potent to provide zero change over time and the inverter had LEDs which indicates mains failure and battery discharge and system fault.
1.2 SCOPE OF STUDY
This solar power source makes it possible to provide a clean reliable supply of alternative electricity free of sags or surges which could be found in the line voltage frequency.
The solar power system (SPS) system achieved this by direct current from solar panel and by rectifying the standard main supply, using the direct current to charge the batteries and to provide clean alternative power by passing the energy a filter system.
It has zero change over time and LEDs which indicates mains fail and battery discharge level and it provides 100% protection against line noise, spikes surges and audio frequency interference.
1.3 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Inverter unit: This unit converts a DC voltage into AC voltage with the help of the inverter unit.
2. Automatic Control Unit: This provides all the required control needed to meet up the objective of the whole system
3. Battery Unit: This is a secondary cell unit, capable of storing enough DC voltage from either sun or AC main, of which is later converted to AC voltage.
200 Watt Solar Power System:
A 200-watt solar power system refers to a solar energy system that is capable of generating up to 200 watts of electrical power under optimal conditions. Such a system typically consists of solar panels, inverters, mounting hardware, wiring, and other components necessary to convert sunlight into usable electricity.
Here’s a breakdown of the key components and considerations for a 200-watt solar power system:
- Solar Panels: You will need solar panels with a total capacity of 200 watts. The exact number of panels required depends on the wattage of each individual panel. For example, if you have 100-watt panels, you would need two of them to reach 200 watts. Keep in mind that the efficiency of the panels and local sunlight conditions will affect actual power generation.
- Inverter: Solar panels generate direct current (DC) electricity, but most household appliances and the electrical grid use alternating current (AC). Therefore, you’ll need an inverter to convert the DC power produced by the panels into AC power that you can use in your home.
- Mounting Hardware: You’ll need a way to securely mount your solar panels. This can be on a rooftop, ground-mounted racking system, or even a portable setup. The choice depends on your location and available space.
- Batteries (Optional): If you want to store excess energy generated during the day for use at night or during cloudy days, you may consider adding batteries to your system. This will increase the cost and complexity of your setup.
- Wiring and Electrical Components: Proper wiring and electrical components are crucial for connecting the solar panels to the inverter and, eventually, to your electrical system. It’s essential to ensure safety and efficient power transfer.
- Charge Controller (Optional): If you’re using batteries, a charge controller can help regulate the charging and discharging of the batteries to extend their lifespan.
- Monitoring System: A monitoring system can provide real-time data on your solar system’s performance, allowing you to track energy production and identify any issues.
- Installation: Solar panel installation should be done by professionals or individuals with experience, as it involves electrical work and ensuring the panels are properly positioned for maximum sunlight exposure.
- Permits and Regulations: Depending on your location, you may need to obtain permits and adhere to local regulations before installing a solar power system.
- Maintenance: Regular maintenance, such as cleaning the panels and checking for any damage or shading issues, is essential to ensure the system continues to operate efficiently.
It’s worth noting that a 200-watt solar power system is relatively small and may only provide a portion of your electricity needs, depending on your energy consumption. If you’re looking to power an entire home or reduce your electricity bill significantly, you may need a larger solar installation.
Additionally, the actual power output of a solar system can vary based on factors like location, panel efficiency, shading, and weather conditions. It’s essential to conduct a solar site assessment to determine the feasibility and expected performance of your specific installation.