Economic And Social Effects Of Rural-Urban Migration In Local Government

1.0 General Introduction or Background of the Study

1.1 Introduction

Few years ago, rural-urban migration was viewed favourably in the economic department, prior to this time, rural-urban migration has been in existence. People migrate from one place or area to the other especially from rural to urban area for one thing or the other. It is now abundantly clear from recent trends that the rate for rural urban job creat8ion and surpass from the capacity of both industrial and urban social service effectively to absorb this labour. Population in Ekiti State is becoming alarming and particularly among the youths. The consequence of this is gradual reduction of family labour on the farms and most especially since the late 1780s, other problems are created in this process and it is the intention of the researcher to examine the extent to which Ekiti State is affected.
In relating to Ikole Local Government, it was created in 1996 by General Sanni Abacha.

The language attributes of the inheritance of this area has made it very much possible for the Ikole Local Government people to settle down peacefully to conduct their day-today activities such as farming and trading. The major problem which form the focus of the research work is that Ekiti State was being faced by problem of the movement of her youngable bodies. Those that are literate and educated to urban centre in search of jobs.

Thereby rendering the area to be less productive agriculturally"; this again has its effect of the national level. The movement of large number of people from other area including those of rural urban areas.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This project is based on the social and economic effect of rural-urban migration with particular reference to Ikole Local Government, Eikti State and the years they have been in problems in the area i.e. movement of vehicle, youths to urban town for job.

Some of the Problems Are:

There are rapid rate of movement/migration from rural to urban areas.

There are less productivity in the areas of agriculture.

The rural towns are characterized by low labour and low productivity.

Cities are growing fast and suffering from rural illness.

1.3 Purpose / Objectives of the Study

The aims and objectives or purpose of the study are:-

To identify and examine the general causes of rural-urban migration in Ikole Local Government.

To determine the impact of rural urban migration on the rural development of Ikole Local Government area.

To show the negative impact this migration has on urban area or centre.

To provide an insight to the problems in order to contribute towards a policy of rural urban migration

To examine the magnitude of migration from the Local Government in particular and state in general

Suggest possible solutions to the problems

1.4 Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is to determine the effect of rural urban migration of Ikole Local Government in both social and economic aspect of the Local Government.

1.5 Research Hypothesis

The following hypothesis would be tested in the research project.

Lack of job opportunities in the rural area is responsible for the rural-urban migration on Ikole Local Government in both social and economic aspect of the Local Government.

The influx of people from the rural areas to urban areas is responsible for the shortage of accommodation in the urban centre.

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research work is limited to only Ikole Local Government Area of Ekiti State with a view of finding the economic and social effect of rural-urban migration and creating alternative source of social and economic effect in this Local Government.

1.7 Organization of the Study / Plan for the Study / Synopsis of Each Chapter.

This project consists of five chapters as viz:-

Chapter one consist of introductions statement of the problem, purpose/objectives of the study, significance of the study, research hypothesis, scope and limitation of the study/synopsis of each chapter and definition of forms or operational terms

Chapter two has to do with introduction theoretical framework, current trends in thinking and summary of the chapter.

Chapter three contains introduction, sample and population of the study, sources of data/data collection instruments, method of data analysis and research problems.

Chapter four deals with data presentation/analysis and interpretation of findings. Introduction, brief of history of Ikole Local Government, Presentation of data, analysis of data, testing of hypothesis, summary of the chapter.

Chapter five states the summary of findings, recommendation and conclusions.

1.8 Definition of Terms or Operational Terms

Migration:

Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another. It is equally defined as population mobility. this can take place within a country, region or it can take place from one country to another. Migration can also be defined as a response to possible dissatisfaction to people within their present location to another location.

Rural:

For the purpose of this project, the word rural shall be described as a place that lack necessary infrastructure and telecommunication we may say assume that any place having population of less than 5,000 people sparsely populated and lack any form of wage earning in economic with less tribal diversity and strictly controlled socio culturally should be regarded as a rural area.

Urban:

This means metropolitan centre were basic infrastructural facilities are available. An urban area is relatively large and permanent settlement of social heterogeneous individuals in another definition.

G.W. fair Holms states that urban settlements are high concentration of 5,000 people living in geographical area having the following characteristics, a wage earning economy, a trial diversification, and absence of traditional socio-cultural control.

Urbanization:

Urbanization may be defined as the process of territorial population concentration both in form of rural-urban nations and multiplication of points of concentration and the increase in size of individual concentration.

Development:

Development can be defined as the advancing from lower level to higher level. Definition of development from the classical economic perspective refers to the increase in the economic well being of a nation.
According to Onar and Okoli (2000) state that development involves progressing of movement of advancing towards something better.

Rural Development:

Rural development will be used in this work as a means for restructuring the economic order to statisfy the materials needs and aspiration of the rural masses and to promote individual and collective incentives to participates in the process of development. This involve a host of multi-sectarian activities including the improvement of agriculture, promotion of rural industries, creations of the infrastructure and establishment of appropriate decentralized structure in order to allow mass participation. Therefore, rural development will facilitate improved living standard of the masses of the low income population residing in rural areas and make the process of their development self sustaining if sincerely unpursued.

5.0 Summary, Recommendation and Conclusion

5.1 Summary of Findings

This project work titled. The economic and social effect of rural-urban migration in Local Government. A case study of Ikole Local Government Area of Ekiti State.

The research is formed by the problems that rural-urban and socially. The researchers attempt to find out reason responsible for massive migration. It impact on both the rural and urban areas and the manpower utilization of these migrants in the urban canters.

During the field survey, the researcher tested the two hypothesis stated in chapter one and discovered that the hypothesis were confirmed to be right the respondents were given questionnaire and were interviewed orally. The research conduct by the researcher confirmed the hypothesis as being in chapter four dealing with the presentation and analysis of data collected

5.2 Recommendations

From the foregoing discussion the following are recommended and if followed it will alleviate the problem of rural-unban migration in Nigeria. There is need to evolve a continuous deliberation positive and sincere policies and programme to minimize if not curbed there fore in order to reduce it to the barest minimum and to ensure rapid rural development the researcher here by recommended the following:

Stimulation rural development so as to create a strong barrier through creation of job opportunity by establishing small scale industries are created through programme many school leavers and graduation can take employment in rural areas in stead of migrating urban centre in search of job which are far below desired

Government should a matter of urgency and priority embark on provision of social and infrastructural facilities throughout the nooks and crannies of the country. In this wise, government should intensify its efforts in construction of stable feeder roads so as to facilitate easy access to urban centre for transportation of farm produce and at the same time for procurement of farm inputs.

Hospital, clinic and maternity centres should be made available for the rural dwellers. This is necessary because the ability and willingness to engage in any economic activities effectively depends on the state of one"s health. Therefore, if people are healthy and if they can easily obtain health care services, they will expends their energy and produce more goods and services. Moreso, deliberate establishment of institution of higher learning in the rural areas as well as the development of other social infrastructural facilities like provision of pipe borne water and electricity in the right direction.

Government should seriously encourage and stimulate the community development project through all necessary forms of assistance to improve rural conditions. This could range from construction of roads (feeder) establishment of small-scale industries and building of facilities among others.

There should be public lecture or widely circulated newspaper, pamphlets to inform and counsel the school leavers and other prospective migrants about the constraints in the town.

Government should set up co-operative stores, which will supply provisions in the villages.

Expansion of small-scale labour intensive. Industries should be encouraged to enable more rural people to secure jobs.

5.3 Conclusion

The phenomenon or rural-urban migration is one of the major problem cutting across both the developed and developing countries. But the problem is much more prominent in Nigeria that it is estimated that the rate of rural-urban migration is 50% as compared to about 30% population growth rate and it should be rated that this high rate of rural-urban migration has stingingly aid to the poor rate of rural development.

Although, Nigeria government has actively responded through national policies and national development plans. The concepts of balanced growth and the accelerated development of agriculture and rural sector at large. However, the actual allocation of resources as estimated in various national development plans have not been such as sustain the priority rating generally attached to rural development in the plans. Therefore, if the aforementioned government policies and programme are sincerely planned, initiated and carefully implemented with the sole aim and goal of developing the rural areas. The high rate of rural-urban migration will be drastically reduced if not totally eradicated in our society.

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