The The Acceptance And Usage Of Contraceptive Amongst Women Of Child Bearing Age Attending Antenatal Clinic In Central Hospital Sapele (PDF/DOC)
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my — for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor — for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my — and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor Mr. — for his kindness in supervising this project. My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. —, and Dr. —. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of — among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. — and the —. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister —, my lovely friends mercy —, —, — and many others who were quite helpful.
ABSTRACT
Failure to plan a pregnancy can adversely affect the health of the family as a whole. Consequently good acceptance and practice of family planning among women are important. This study aimed to determine the acceptance and usage of contraception among women of child bearing age at Central Hospital, Sapele, Delta State.
A standardized self-administered questionnaire was administered to three hundred antenatal clinic attendees at the Central Hospital, Sapele over an eight weeks period. Information on socio- demographic variable, acceptance, usage of various contraceptive options, source of information; utilization and reasons for use/none use were obtained. Data collected was analyzed using EPI info 2000 software. The results were presented as percentages, means, tables and charts.
A total of 300 questionnaires were administered and 253 were retrieved. Majority of the respondents 234(92.5%) were aware of contraceptive usage. 38.7% of respondents had knowledge of the use of Lactation amenorrhoea method as a form of contraception. Amongst 26.5% of attendees who had used a contraceptive option previously the condom was the commonest contraceptive used.
The antenatal Clinic was the source of contraceptive knowledge in 79% of the respondents. The commonest reason for use of contraceptive method was for child spacing while the fear of complication was the commonest cause of none use.
The contraceptive awareness amongst women of child bearing age attending antenatal clinic was high without corresponding increase in usage of available methods. Re-education on the complications of contraceptives may improve the contraceptive uptake.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
- STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
2.3 THEORETICAL REVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.4 CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND CHOICES
2.5 PURPOSES OF FAMILY PLANNING
2.6 EMPIRICAL REVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.7 ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF FAMILY PLANNING
2.8 REVIEW OF MODERN METHODS OF FAMILY PLANNING
2.9 PROVIDERS OF FAMILY PLANNING
2.10 BENEFITS OF USING FAMILY PLANNING
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 STUDY AREA
3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
3.3 DATA COLLECTION
3.4 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
3.5 DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 RESULT
4.2 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND REFERENCES
- CONCLUSIONS
5.2 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The health of mothers and children remain a subject of global concern (Adamson, 2017). Studies have shown that perinatal, neonatal and under five as well as maternal mortality rates remain high in most developing countries (Olatunji et al., 2016). Strategies have been employed by various governments in improving these indices amongst which is the use of family planning (Adetoro, 2016). Despite employing this strategy, the contraceptive prevalence is relatively low in most developing countries with values ranging from 6-14.6% (Shah, 2011).
Three major obstacles have been identified against the utilization of modern contraception which is particularly grounded in the fear of side effects, poor quality of services and opposition from family members or influential members of the community (Shah, 2011).
The likelihood of infants dying before their first birth day has been demonstrated to be far greater if the infant was born less than one year after the end of their mothers’ last pregnancy than those born after a longer interval (Shamima et al., 2010). Improved outcome of infants are noted to be better, if the mothers waited for 18 to 23 months, after a full term birth before conceiving again (Ibrahim, 2017). This emphasizes the need for contraceptive use immediately after the postpartum period as this period marks the beginning of return of fertility in most women.
The Antenatal clinic was chosen as the study site because it offers the best environment within the hospital for meeting child bearing women in the reproductive age group in addition to providing a forum for dissemination of family planning information, correction of wrong perceptions as well as the opportunities for exchange of ideas between mothers.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Globally, utilization of modern contraceptive like condom and IUD have increased in the recent past years – from 54% in 1990 to 57% in 2012 (WHO, 2012). However, the estimates in Africa remain persistently low at 23% and 24%, respectively. Of the 210 million pregnancies that occur each year, almost 80 million are unplanned. Each year, approximately 42 million pregnant women seek termination of their unplanned pregnancy whereby 20 million undergo unsafe abortions 67,000 die annually. Almost all of these deaths (99%) occur in under developed countries e.g DR Congo (Kangale, et. al., 2014).
A study carried out in Nigeria (Okech, et al, 2011) found out that only 51% of the respondents were using family planning services. Besides, Nigeria has one of the highest total fertility rates (6.7) worldwide (Hladik, et al., 2009). The same study revealed that, the most commonly used contraceptives methods were condoms (35%), pills (33%), injection (19%), and IUD (4%). Nigerias’ contraceptive prevalence rate is lower than that of Kenya (46%), Tanzania (34%) and Rwanda (52%) (ICF International, 2012). It is for this reason that the researcher is prompted to assess the factors contributing to low utilization of oral contraceptives among women of reproductive age, as the recommendations of the findings can be documented to increase utilization of family planning services among women especially of reproductive age.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim of the study is to establish factors influencing utilization of contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele, so that the findings will be documented to improve provision of family planning services by the health centre. The objectives are:
- To identify socio-economic factors contributing to low utilization of contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele.
- To assess socio-cultural factors contributing to low utilisation of contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele.
- To identify health facility related factors contributing to low utilisation of contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What are the socio-economic factors contributing to low utilization of oral contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Sapele?
- What are the socio cultural factors contributing to low utilization of oral contraception among women of child bearing age in Sapele?
- What health facility related factors contribute to low utilization of oral contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings contribute to formulation of guidelines and policies to improve on utilization of contraception services among women of reproductive age in the district and the country at large.
The findings of the study will be documented into a report and submitted to Institution research review committee as well as guide future researchers.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to the child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele. It does not intend to judge the efficiency of acceptance and usage of contraceptive – family planning, but to find out what influences the acceptance and usage of women towards contraceptive. It does not cover treatment of side effects or failures of the methods.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Family Planning: This implies the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their birth.
Contraception: Method and practice of preventing conception is the fertilization of an ovum.
Menstruation: The monthly elimination of the blood filled lining of the uterus (womb), which takes about four to five days, depending on individual physiology.
Ovulation: The release of ripe egg cells from the ovary about once a month.
Vasectomy: Cutting of the vascle ferens through which the sperms reach the penis, so that they are not ejaculated.
Tubalization: Cutting of the female fallopian tube so that egg cells cannot enter the uterus.
1.9 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the related works, chapter three describes laws and institutional framework for the protection of right of domestic servants, chapter four discusses protection of the rights of domestic servants, chapter five is on summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation.
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