Communication Protocol

ABSTRACT

In the world of technology, there are vast numbers of users’ communicating with different devices in different languages. That also includes many ways in which they transmit data along with the different software they implement. So, communicating worldwide will not be possible if there were no fixed ‘standards’ that will govern the way user communicates for data as well as the way our devices treat those data. Here we will be discussing these standard set of rules – “protocols” which are set of rules that help in governing the way a particular technology will function for communication. In other words, it can be said that the protocols are digital languages implemented in the form of networking algorithms.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• • AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

• • SCOPE OF THE STUDY

• • IMPORTANCE OF PROTOCOL

• • APPLICATION OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

• • FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• • OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

• • TYPES OF PROTOCOL

• • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

• • BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTOCOL

• • PROTOCOL DESIGN

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• • INTRODUCTION

• • IMPORTANT OF HTTPS

• • DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HTTPS AND HTTP

• • ORIGIN OF HTTPS

• • CONFIGURING HTTPS SERVER

• • HTTPS SERVER OPTIMIZATION

• • SSL CERTIFICATE CHAINS

CHAPTER FOUR

• • .0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
    • • PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT

     

    • • THE NEED FOR PROTOCOL STANDARDS

     

    • • STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS

     

    • • THE STANDARDIZATION PROCESS

     

     

CHAPTER FIVE

• • CONCLUSION

• • REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to Naughton, John (2015), a communication protocol is described as a system of rules that allow two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity. The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both.

Communicating systems use well-defined formats for exchanging various messages. Each message has an exact meaning intended to elicit a response from a range of possible responses pre-determined for that particular situation. The specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. Communication protocols have to be agreed upon by the parties involved.^[Naughton, John, 2015^] To reach an agreement, a protocol may be developed into a technical standard. A programming language describes the same for computations, so there is a close analogy between protocols and programming languages: protocols are to communication what programming languages are to computations. An alternate formulation states that protocols are to communication what algorithms are to computation according to Cambell-Kelly, Martin (1987)

Multiple protocols often describe different aspects of a single communication. A group of protocols designed to work together is known as a protocol suite; when implemented in software they are a protocol stack.

Internet communication protocols are published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) handles wired and wireless networking and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) handles other types. The ITU-T handles telecommunication protocols and formats for the public switched telephone network (PSTN). As the PSTN and Internet converge, the standards are also being driven towards convergence. This work is aimed at carrying out a research on a communication protocol.

1.2                                    AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to ensure that a specific rule or format is observed when sending data from one node in a network to another node. At the end of this study the following objectives shall be achieved:

1. 1. The purpose and the importance of the this work shall be known

1. 1. The procedure of configuring the https protocol shall also be known

1.3                                                   SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This work is on rules for sending blocks of data (each known as a Protocol Data Unit (PDU)) from one node in a network to another node. Before successful transmission can take place, networked communications devices have to agree on many physical aspects of the data that is to be exchanged. Rules defining data transmissions are called “protocols.” Protocols are usually implemented by writing a number of programs (processes) which communicate with one another through queues and by function calls. One or more timers are also usually required to ensure correct operation of the protocol. To start and stop timers, a protocol normally uses an interface to the computer’s operating system.

1.4                                            IMPORTANCE OF PROTOCOL

Communication protocols are similar to traffic directors. They maintain all organized during computers are communicate to each other. Protocol has main role in communication and without it is not possible for one computer to converse with another computer.

Protocol allows connected devices to communicate with each other, regardless of any differences in their internal processes, structure or design. Network protocols are the reason you can easily communicate with people all over the world, and thus play a critical role in modern digital communications.

Similar to the way that speaking the same language simplifies communication between two people, network protocols make it possible for devices to interact with each other because of predetermined rules built into devices’ software and hardware.

1.5                        APPLICATION OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

Communication protocols aren’t only relevant to certified network specialists or IT professionals. Billions of people use network protocols daily, whether they know it or not. Every time you use the internet, you leverage network protocols. Though you may not know how network protocols work or how frequently you encounter them, they are necessary for using the internet or digital communications in any capacity.

1.6                           FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

The communication protocols perform the following functions for the efficient and error free transmission of data.

Data Sequencing: The function of a protocol to divide the long message into smaller packets of fixed size that are to be transmitted for error free data transmission, is called Data Sequencing.

Data Routing: The function of a protocol to find the most efficient path or route, between the sender and the receiver before sending the data is called Data Routing.

Flow Control: The function of a protocol to control the rate of data transmission from the sender to the receiver is called Flow Control. It regulates the process of sending data between fast sender and slow receiver.

Error Control: The function of a protocol to detect and recover errors for successful data communication between the sender and the receiver is called Error Control. Successful data communication means that data is transmitted without any error.