Design And Analysis Of An Air Powered Car

ABSTRACT

The air powered car is also called as a low pollution or zero pollution cars. Since the car runs on compressed air it is environmentally friendly. Air powered cars runs on compressed air instead of gasoline. Compressed air as a source of energy in different uses in general and as a non-polluting fuel in compressed air vehicles has attracted scientists and engineers for centuries. Efforts are being made by many developers and manufacturers to master the compressed air vehicle technology in all respects for its earliest use by the mankind. The present work gives a design analysis to the latest developments of a compressed-air car.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
• TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION
• OVERVIEW OF COMPRESSED AIR
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUNG OF COMPRESSED AIR
• USES OF COMPRESSED AIR
• DESIGN OF A COMPRESSOR

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     METHODOLOGY

3.1      WORKING PRINCIPLE

3.2      COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

3.3      DESIGN ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR

• FABRICATION PROCESS
• LIST OF MATERIALS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

APPENDIX

 CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                          INTRODUCTION

The exhaust emission standards are getting more and more stringent and there now exists a discussion about the introduction of a mandatory emissions standard for CO₂, a greenhouse gas that contributes to the climate change which is an issue of growing international concern. This demand for lower exhaust emission levels together with increasing fuel prices leads to the demand of combustion engines with better fuel economy, which forces engine developers to find and investigate more efficient alternative engine management. Gasoline is already the fuel of the past. Automobile manufacturers know all of this and have spent lots of time and money to find and develop the fuel of the future. An air powered engine is a type of motor which does mechanical work by expanding compressed air. Pneumatic motors generally convert the compressed air energy to mechanical work through either linear or rotary motion. Linear motion can come from either a diaphragm or piston actuator, while rotary motion is supplied by either a vane type air motor, piston air motor, air turbine or gear type motor. Compressing a gas into a small space is a way to store energy. When the gas expands again, that energy is released to do work.

The cars that increase in numbers every day emit toxic emissions on our highways and consume huge amount of fossil fuels, but oil and gas reserves will last until 2042. Consequently, unconventional energy sources must be increasingly harnessed. Because of the low efficiency of Piston, they were not used for a long time. Pistons have been commonly used in high-power machines that require a high-starting torque [1]. The compressed air storage tanks built with carbon fibers will carry high amount of pressure with minimum volume space which obviously meets the requirement with the conventional engines with zero emission [2]. Using the two-stage pneumatic on/off valves for gas exchange could simplify the structure of APE because they need not have the traditional engine valves and valve springs [3]. Force and moment originating in the assembly components also influence the physical behavior of pneumatic actuators. As a consequence the assembly components force and moment considerably influence the speed of the pneumatic actuator and hereby also the duration of the assembly process [4]. Compared to batteries, compressed air is favorable because of a high energy density, low toxicity, fast filling at low cost and long service life. It has zero emission and is ideal for city driving condition [5]. The four stroke vehicle that runs with the assistance of compressed air can succeed a 50km/h speed and refilling of compressed air to the tank is for 70-80 km. [6].

1.1                            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Light weight vehicles are the next advancement in the development of automobiles. Reducing the weight of the vehicle has many advantages as it increases the overall efficiency of the vehicle, helps in improving maneuverability, requires less energy to stop and run the vehicle. The latest researches are going on around the world in order to come up with innovative ideas. But global warming is also one of the problems which is affecting the man. The temperature of the earth is increasing drastically and this in turn is causing climatic changes. The fossil fuels are widely used as a source of energy in various different fields like power plants, internal & external combustion engines, as heat source in manufacturing industries, etc. But its stock is very limited and due to this tremendous use, fossil fuels are diminishing at faster rate. So, in this world of energy crisis, it is necessary to develop alternative technologies to use renewable energy sources, so that fossil fuels can be conserved

The first air powered car was established in France by a Polish engineer Louis Mekarski in 1870. It was patented in 1872 and 1873 and was tested in Paris in 1876. The working principle of Mekarski’s engine was the use of energy stored in compressed air, another application of the compressed air to drive vehicles comes from Uruguay in 1984, where Armando Regusci has been involved in constructing these machines. He constructed a four-wheeler with pneumatic which travelled 100 km on a single tank in 1992. The Air Car was developed by Luxembourg-based MDI Group founder and former Formula One engineer Guy Negre is which works on air powered car (APC).

Because of global problems such as greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, air pollution our total life of our planet is reducing day by day. These factors are leading automotive technology and development of alternative energy sources. Some of them are electrical powered, solar powered, hydrogen powered, etc. but before we utilize and Compressed air is having energy stored within. This energy can be converted into required output by expanding it to atmospheric pressure. This air without external chemical or physical support is having potential to generate output work. As it is green and clean type of energy environment and roadside issues can be neglected. We are planning to replace four stroke fossil fuel engines with air charged rotary engines. Without any complexity, we are planning to develop three vane type rotary engines with rotor diameter of 30±2 mm for automotive use.

1.3                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Our world is facing fuel crisis, air pollution. All kind of conventional source of fuel are on verge of exhaustion. Gasoline is the primary source of fuel. Gasoline is becoming more and more expensive and impractical. Gasoline is already the fuel of the past. It might not seem that way as you fill up on your way to work, but the petroleum used to make it is gradually running out. It also pollutes air that’s becoming increasingly unhealthy to breathe, and people no longer want to pay the high prices that oil companies are charging for it. Automobile manufacturers know all of this limitations and have spent lots of time and money to find and develop the fuel of the future. This Air Powered Car technology is used overcome this limitation. The Air Powered Car is powered by air engine which uses compressed air as fuel.

1.3                   AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to analyze the design principle of an air powered car. At the end of this work student involved:

1. shall be able to understand the design analysis part of the work
2. shall be able understand the introduction to various problems associated with the technology and their solution.

• Shall be able to analyse fabrication process and

1. Cost of production

1.4                           ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1. compressed air to store the energy instead of batteries. Their potential advantages over other vehicles include:
2. Reducing pollution from one source, as opposed to the millions of vehicles on the road.
3. Transportation of the fuel would not be required due to drawing power off the electrical grid. This presents significant cost benefits. Pollution created during fuel transportation would be eliminated.
4. Compressed air technology reduces the cost of vehicle production.
5. There is no need to build a cooling system, fuel tank, Ignition Systems or silencers.
6. The mechanical design of the engine is simple and robust.
7. Low manufacture and maintenance costs as well as easy maintenance.
8. Compressed-air tanks can be disposed of or recycled with less pollution than batteries.
9. The tank may be able to be refilled more often and in less time than batteries can be recharged, with re-fueling rates comparable to liquid fuels.
10. Lighter vehicles would mean less abuse on roads resulting in longer lasting roads.
11. The price of fueling air powered vehicles will be significantly cheaper than current fuels.
12. Refueling can be done at home using an air compressor

1.6                       DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1. Like the modern car and most household appliances, the principal disadvantage is the indirect use of energy.
2. The temperature difference between the incoming air and the working gas is smaller. In heating the stored air, the device gets very cold and may ice up in cool, moist climates.
3. Refueling the compressed air container using a home or low-end conventional air compressor may take as long time.
4. Tanks get very hot when filled rapidly. It very dangers it sometime bloused.
5. Only limited storage capacity of the tanks. So we not take drive on long time.

1.7                                           APPLICATIONS

1. Two wheeler Application
2. Four wheeler Applications

 1.8                                  SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The air powered car is a type of vehicle designed to run on fuels that are different than the standard fuel used in most vehicles today. It runs on ‘air,’ which is good for the environment, renewable and absolutely free. Compared to regular fuel like gasoline—which pollutes the air, is on short supply and is doubling in price in recent years—air powered solutions seems a dream come true.

In this work, air by itself can’t be the only thing to fuel a car, as energy will need to be used as well to man mechanical air compressors. However, once the compressed air is released, the air will expand and can be used to move the pistons, power the engine or a host of other functions.