Design And Construction Of A Drone With Surveillance Camera And Insecticide Sprayer

ABSTRACT

Technologies have made agriculture to evolve from manual to automatic which is involved in today’sAgriculture,outofwhichis sprayingpesticidesusingdroneswhich isoneof the emerging technologies. Manual praying has many disadvantages and this paved the way to design a drone mounted with sprayingmechanism having 12 V pump, 6 Litre storage capacity tank,4nozzles to atomize in fine spray , an octocopter configurationframe,suitablelandingframe,8BrushlessDirectCurrent(BLDC) motors with suitable propellers to produce requiredthrustabout 38.2KG(at 100%RPM) andsuitableLithium-Polymer(LI-PO)batteryofcurrentcapacity22000mAhto meet necessary current and voltage requirements. AFirst-Person View (FPV) camera (surveillance camira) and transmitter can also befixed in the drone for monitoring the spraying process and alsoforcheckingpestattacksonplants.Thispesticidesprayingdronereducesthetime,numberoflaborandcostofpesticideapplication.Thistypeofdronecanalsobeusedtospraydisinfectant liquids over buildings, water bodies and in highlypopulatedareasby changing theflowdischargeofthepump.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• AN OVERVIEW OF DRONE
• REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• DESIGNANDWORKING OFOCTOCOPTER
• CONSTRUCTION
• SYSTEM WORKING
• COMPONENTSUSED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS

4.1     RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                  INTRODUCTION

1.1                                     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The UAV is commonly known as UAS or, more precisely, as a drone, which can flyautonomously. UAV traditionally has a steadfast backdrop in aerodynamics, momentumarrangements,andtheoreticalphysics’practicalrules.Intherecentfewyears,ithasalsobeen a band of smart agriculture [Yallappa et al, 2017]. Smart agriculture is data-driven; UAVs can correctlyreceive and equitably distribute this information, allowing producers to take steps based onindividualsoilcircumstances.Precisionfarming,cropmonitoring,geographicaltracking,andfieldmappingareafewsectorswhereUAVsplayamassiverole[Yallappa et al, 2017].Imageanalysisis the essence of a UAV. In image analysis, the photos are promptly captured by UAVcamera, and it is then adjusted to enhance the quality using various software to exploretypically and precisely the target area and correctly recognize the unconventional objects.AgriculturalUAVproperlyutilizesimageprocessingtosaveanaccuraterecordofplants’growth, quality of the active area, pest control, etc.The dynamic UAV marketplace ispresently strongly patchy, with diverse software providers and professionals competingfiercelyinadditiontoleadingmanufacturers,andthepredictedvalueofUAVSolutionsinthe agriculturalindustryismorethan$32billion[Kurkute et al, 2018].

The Nigerian Agricultural sector is the most important sector asit amounts to a staggering 18% of Nigeria’s Gross DomesticProduct (GDP) and also provides employment to 50% of thenationalhumanworkforce.Ourcountryisdependentonagriculture so much, has yet to tap into the real potential ofagriculture,becauseofimpropermethodsofmonitoringcropsand the irrigation patterns and the pesticides required to beapplied. This project aims to developUnmannedAerialVehicle(UAV)forovercomingthisproblem and also spay large amounts of pesticideswithinsmaller interval of timeusingOctocopter.

1.2                               PROBLEM STATEMENT

Manual insecticide spraying involves much labour takes much time and the spraying causesmanyharmfulsideeffectstothepersonnelinvolvedinthesprayingprocess.TheExposureeffectscanrangefrommildskinirritation to birth defects, tumors, genetic changes, blood andnervedisorders,endocrinedisruption,comaordeath.TheWHO(WorldHealthOrganization)estimatedasonemillioncasesofillaffected,whensprayingthepesticidesinthecropfieldmanually (WHO, 2017). It was because of these problems that led to invention of agricultural drone. UnmannedAerialVehicle(UAV) was built toovercome theseproblems.

1.3                               AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this work is to carry out a research on the invention of drone for surveillance and agricultural purpose. The objectives are:

1. To provide easier, faster, and cheaper method of agriculture.
2. To increase productivity.

• To promote the health of agriculturist.

1.4                               SIGINIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work will throw more light on the best techniques for monitoring and pest/insect control. This study will also be designed to be of immense benefit to all the users of drone and also to intended users of the device.

With this study, all the application of the drone shall be made known to the reader

1.5                               SCOPE OD THE STUDY

The scope of this work is on a drone for agricultural purpose. The device was built with sprayingmechanism having 12 V pump, 6 Litre storage capacity tank,4nozzles to atomize in fine spray , an octocopter configurationframe,suitablelandingframe,8BrushlessDirectCurrent(BLDC) motors with suitable propellers to produce requiredthrustabout 38.2KG(at 100%RPM) andsuitableLithium-Polymer(LI-PO)batteryofcurrentcapacity22000mAhto meet necessary current and voltage requirements.

1.6                               LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding drone and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

• Time Constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

1.7                                            DEFINITION OF TERMS

Surveillance: Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, activities, or information for the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing or directing

Aircraft:An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.

Unmanned Aerial: An unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft without a human pilot on board

1.8                                                           THESIS ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE

    5.1                                                CONCLUSIONS

In this paper we have described a design of a drone mountedsprayingmechanismforAgriculturalpurposeandforsprayingdisinfectants.ThismethodofsprayingpesticidesonAgricultural fields reduces the number of labours, time, costandtheriskinvolvedtothepersonnelinvolvedinsprayingtheliquids. This drone can also be used in spraying disinfectantliquids over buildings, water bodies and highly populatedareas.

5.2                                                 FUTURESCOPE

• Under the current COVID19 Pandemic situation, itcan be used to sanitize large hotspots areas withoutactually goingthere in person.
• Manualcontrolcanbechangedintoautonomouscontrol with GPS technology and auto return homeoption.
• With image processing techniques, the drone can beinvolved in surveillance to determine the pest attackon theplants,conditionofripening fruit.