Design And Construction Of A Face Recognition Automatic Door Opener Using Camera Module

ABSTRACT

Most doors are controlled by persons with the use of keys, security cards, password or pattern to open the door. The aim of this paper is to access a security door using face recognition. Face is a complex multidimensional structure and needs good computing techniques for recognition. This paper is comprised mainly of two subsystems: namely face recognition and automatic door access control. Face Recognition based on ESP32-CAM module. ESP32-CAM module is a low-cost development board with a very small size OV2640 camera and a micro SD card slot. It has an ESP32 S chip with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity, with 2 high-performance 32-bit LX6 CPUs, 7-stage pipeline architecture. The door will open automatically for the known person due to the command of the microcontroller. On the other hand, alarm will ring for the unknown person.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF FACIAL RECOGNITION SYSTEM
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY
• FACIAL RECOGNITION ACCESS CONTROL
• COVID-19 AND FACE RECOGNITION
• BENEFITS OF FACE RECOGNITION ACCESS CONTROL
• FACE RECOGNITION ACCESS: HARDWARE AND EQUIPMENT
• TYPES OF BIOMETRIC ACCESS

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• HARDWARE USED
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• IMPLEMENTATION
• SYSTEM FLOWCHAT
• PROGRAM CODE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• PACKAGING
• TESTING THE ESP32-CAM FACE RECOGNITION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCES

 CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                             INTRODUCTION

1.1                                               BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nowadays, automatic personal identification in access control has become popular by using biometrics data instead of using cards, passwords or pattern. Most of the biometrics data have to be collected by using special hardware such as fingerprint scanner, palm print scanner, DNA analyzer. And, the target objects have to touch with the required hardware in the stage of data collection. The advantage of this system is that face recognition does not require to be touched with any hardware. Face is detected automatically by using face detection technique and the entire face recognition is completed without touching with any hardware. Face detection is the first step of the face recognition system. The performance of the entire face recognition system is influenced by the reliability of the face detection. By using face detection, it can identify only the facial part of an image regardless of the background of this image. In this system, Viola-Jones face detection method is used. Viola-Jonesre scale the detector instead of the input image and run the detector many times through the image – each time with a different size. Viola-Jones have devised a scale invariant detector that requires the same number of calculations whatever the size. This detector is constructed using a so-called integral image and some simple rectangular features reminiscent of Haar wavelets [Paul Viola, 2014]. Face recognition commonly includes feature extraction, feature reduction and recognition or classification.PCA is an effective feature extraction method based on face as a global feature. It reduces the dimension of images effectively and holds the primary information at the same time. In this paper, face recognition system is implemented using camera module. Recognition or classification is done by the measure method such as Euclidean distance, which is used to classify the feature of images present in the database and test image. [Ayushi Gupta, 2014].

1.2                                                               PROBLEM STATEMENT

Due to higher level of spreading of diseases such as corona virus which can be contacted by making contact with door knob which is the only way of opening and closing conventional door (according to world health organization (WHO, 2020)). Face recognition access control has quickly become the emerging technology in physical access due to a shift towards health-conscious solutions that also offer incredible security. Now, face recognition is creating the same secure and convenient access to our physical spaces.  It’s a secure and convenient form of access to our information.

1.3                          AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

1. The main aim of this project is to construct a secure access control system to control the entry of various items through a door or a passage using a face recognition

. The objectives of the study are:

1. To build a face recognition based automatic door

• To have an improved way of securing our environment

1. To design architecture that constitutes the various components working
2. To secure and convenient access to our physical spaces.
3. To recognize the detected faces and fingers by the use of a suitable

• To reduce human labour involves in guiding our environment
• Replace the traditional door lock system which is using mechanical lock and key mechanism with embedded system.

1. To produce a security system that will be simple in its operation, cost effective, durable and easily maintainable.
2. To ensures maximum and adequate security in our home and offices.

1.4                                                                 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This work is focused on building a Face Recognition based Door Lock Control system using ESP32 Camera Module and a 12V electronic lock. The AI-Thinker ESP32-CAM module is a low-cost development board with a very small size OV2640 camera and a micro SD card slot. It has an ESP32 S chip with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity, with 2 high-performance 32-bit LX6 CPUs, 7-stage pipeline architecture.

1.5                                      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This system offers its clients with simple, efficiently manageable software that provides a platform to maintain absolute security.

1.6                                                PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

This project serves to automate the prevalent traditional tedious and time wasting methods of opening and closing our doors. The use of automatic face recognition will increase the effectiveness of door security.

Applications of face recognition are widely spreading in areas such as criminal identification, security systems, image and film processing [M. A. Turk, 2011]. The system could also find applications in all authorized access facilities.

1.7                                           APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Apart from using this device for home door access control, this device can also be used for places like:

1. Organisation
2. Offices

1.8                                              PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

1. It can only detect face from a limited distance.
2. It cannot repeat live video to recognize missed faces.

   1.9                                                       LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Difficulty in parts gathering: I found it too difficult when gathering electronics parts used for the prototype.

1.10                                   PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations