Design And Construction Of A Power Efficient Mini Inverter

ABSTRACT

This project is titled the design and construction of a DC to AC inverter system. It is designed to meet up with the power demand in the offices and in homes in the absence of power supply from the national grid.

It is designed in such a way that it will take up 12v DC from battery and inverts it to an output of 220v, 50Hz AC. It makes no noise during operation and no hazardous carbon monoxide is generated in the surrounding.   

This is a feature that makes it safe to use anywhere when compared to generator. Also, the circuit is capable of charging the battery (i.e 12v source) when the power from the supply authority is on. This greatly reduces the cost of operation of the system.

This work is aimed at designing a power efficient mini inverter that can be used to power portable homes appliances.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2      PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.3      OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.4      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1.5    APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

1.6      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

1.7      LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1.8      PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

1.9      METHODOLOGY

1.10   PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AN INVERTER

2.2      REVIEW OF HOW TO CHOOSING THE RIGHT INVERTER

2.3      TYPES OF INVERTER

2.4       DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL GENERATOR AND INVERTER

2.5     REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      BASIC DESIGNS OF AN INVERTER

3.2      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.3      SYSTEM OPERATION

3.4      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.5      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.6     DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

3.7      HOW TO CHOOSE A RIGHT INVERTER AND BATTERY

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.0      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.1      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.4      COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0      CONCLUSION

5.1      RECOMMENDATION

5.2      REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                   INTRODUCTION

1.1                                        BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A power inverter converts DC power, to standard AC power (alternating current). Inverters are used to operate electrical equipment from the power produced by a car or boat battery or renewable energy sources, like solar panels or wind turbines. DC power is what batteries store, while AC power is what most electrical appliances need to run so an inverter is necessary to convert the power into a usable form. For example, when a cell phone is plugged into a car cigarette lighter to recharge, it supplies DC power; this must be converted to the required AC power by a power inverter to charge the phone.

Inverters are widely used in the domestic as well as industrial environments to serve as second line of source in case of power cut form the electricity utility grids. Inverter is the device that powers the electric appliances in the event of the power failure. Inverter as the name implies first converts AC to DC for charging the battery and then inverts DC to AC for powering the electric gadgets.

This study presents the design of power efficient mini  inverter which is small in size and which can give output voltage of 220v-230 /150w. This power efficient mini inverter can be used to power up devices such as Wifi routers, mobile chargers, Lights etc.

1.2                                               PROBLEM STATEMENT

As a result of continuous power failure and fluctuation in power supply by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), sensitive appliances and system are affected by interruption power supply. Then, this project is to provide a back-up and reliable power supply to power some selected home appliances such as Wifi routers, mobile chargers, laptop, Lights, lighting systems.

1.3                         AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to build a mini device that backs-up and provide reliable power supply to power some portable home appliances. The objectives are

1. To design a portable circuit that will convert dc to ac power for portable home appliances.
2. To provide a noiseless source of electricity generation.

• To have a source of generating electricity that has no negative effect on the environment (i.e. no greenhouse effect).

1. To provide a source of electricity power with low maintenance cost and zero fuel cost.

1.5                                           PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of this work is to design an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage (12vdc), output voltage (220vac) and frequency (50hz), and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does not produce any power; the power is provided by the DC source.

A typical power inverter device or circuit requires a relatively stable DC power source capable of supplying enough current for the intended power demands of the system. The input voltage depends on the design and purpose of the inverter.

1.6                                       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

In the recent years,  power  inverter has become a major power source due to its environmental and economic benefits and proven reliability.

Power inverter is produced by connecting the device on the 12VDC battery as the input to produce 220VAC as the required output. It can also be connected to solar panel.

Second, the whole energy conversion process is environmentally friendly. It produces no noise, harmful emissions or polluting gases. The burning of natural resources for energy can create smoke, cause acid rain and pollute water and air. Carbon dioxide, CO2, a leading greenhouse gas, is also produced in the case of burning fuels. Power inverter uses only the power of the battery as its fuel. It creates no harmful by-product and contributes actively to the reduction of global warming.

1.7                                              SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this work covers building a power efficient mini inverter which is small in size and which can give output voltage of 220v-230 /150w. etc.

1.9                                       APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This power efficient mini inverter can be used to power up devices such as

1. Wifi routers
2. mobile chargers

• Lights

1.10                                       METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construction of the circuit was carried out.

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.11                                      PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a power inverter. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a power inverter were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of a power inverter. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1                                             CONCLUSION

At the end of this work a power efficient mini inverter was built which is a device that will convert  DC source (battery) into an AC power; suitable for use in powering portable devices at homes or offices.

5.2                                                 RECOMMENDATION

This project is designed to be used in our homes, offices and industries where the need for 24hrs supply is needed. And should be used and maintain by a qualified personnel.