Design And Construction Of A Real-Time Household Electricity Consumption Monitoring System For Refrigerator, Fan, Television And Lightning

ABSTRACT

In everyday life, electricity is necessary, and proper use is critical. Energy consumption monitoring system is the most significant demands to decrease the energy expenditure energy loss. Energy consumption monitoring system technique tracks the usage of energy of different consumers. This study proposes a smart monitoring system for household appliances. The function of the system is to monitor household appliances’ electricity usage using hardware and the Internet of Things (IoT) methods. The prototype of the proposed system is designed and developed considering Arduino UNO, a liquid crystal display (LCD), an ACS712 current sensor module, relays, and AC sources. The data is recorded in cloud storage using Thing-speak. A mobile application (Virtuino) also accesses the data to visualize it through the graphical and numerical display. This study provides users with an easy system to monitor and control household appliances’ power consumption using mobile applications.

TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANT STUDY
• PROJECT ORGANIZATION

 CHAPTER TWO

2.0   LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1   INTRODUCTION

2.2   REVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.3   RECENT WORKS AND THE RESEARCH CHALLENGES

2.4   OVERVIEW OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

2.5   IOT DATA AND COMPUTING

2.6     REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

2.7   EXISTING ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEMS

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1   INTRODUCTION

3.2   BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.3   SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM

3.4   DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM BLOCK

3.5   SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.6   DESIGN CONSIDERATION

3.7         SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

3.8      HARDWARE CONFIGURATION

3.9      SYSTEM PARAMETERS

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1   RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1    CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

 CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                                INTRODUCTION

1.1             BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In Nigeria, electricity has the highest demand as it is expected to increase gradually in years to come, in line with the expansion of urbanization, rapid industrialization, and the growing population of the country. Statistically, residential sectors consume up to 48% of the energy globally [Hassan et al, 2014]. Around 40% of Nigeria’s buildings’ energy is divided into commercial buildings and residential buildings [ Hassan et al, 2014]. In this modern era, people utilize household appliances with new technologies. In Nigeria, on average, 20 to 30 electrical household appliances are used in homes ( Effah etal, 2015). A vast majority of household appliances consume a large amount of power and energy. Consumers mostly tend to leave their lights, fans, freezer, air conditioner, and other appliances turned on when they are not in use, resulting in energy wastage, a tendency of human behaviour [ Effah etal, 2015].

This negligence concerning the consumers’ behaviour can lead to excessive power consumption and wastage of the electrical energy needed, and it can shorten the life span of household appliances such as hair dryer, dry iron, induction and rice cooker, water heater,  microwave oven,  air conditioner, and television. It has been identified that old appliances contribute to higher energy consumption than newer ones.

This paper presents an integration of both hardware and software. The software is used to monitor power usage and the consumption of household appliances and control systems through overcurrent relay and notification of any mis- matches. The developed system consists of Arduino UNO, a WiFi module (ESP8266), a relay, a low current sensor break- out (ACS712), and a liquid crystal display (LCD). Arduino UNO is a microcontroller used to program customized coding for executing output at any instant time. It is also a very capable microcontroller that receives and sends information over the Internet with various modules and shield platforms. However, in this case, the ESP8266 WiFi module is used as the platform. The ESP8266 WiFi module is famous for its IoT applications. The relay function performs the cut-off current and the isolation of input and output operations and performs switching functions. The outputs are shown in 2 ways: LCD and IoT implementation based on the web server or mobile application (APPS). LCD is used to display the voltage, current, and power consumption where the web or mobile application is used to visualize the data and trigger alarm, when necessary, In the web and mobile application systems, the energy usage statistics of power consumption parameters are determined. It displays the detailed monitoring of electrical quantities such as voltage, current, power, and energy.

IoT attaches the internet connectivity and remote control of mobile devices, integrated with a range of sensors, to the smart home appliances. Sensors can be embedded in the refrigerator, air conditioner, and lighting, and other environmental sensors can be connected to home-related gadgets. The overcurrent or circuit overloading can be detected earlier based on advanced IoT applications where consumers’ alarm triggers.

The significance of electricity consumption monitoring system is that it creates an opportunity for consumers to control their power consumption practices and help them manage their power and energy usage. It also creates an opportunity for the consumers to practice energy saving and to keep track of their household appliance’s performances and current behaviour to prevent overcurrent. Therefore, the main challenge will be designing an efficient technique that can monitor power consumption in residential buildings.

1.2                                               PROBLEM STATEMENT

The recent explosion in urbanization over the past few years has necessitated the need for sustainable, efficient, and smart solutions for monitoring energy consumption and management. The conventional domestic energy consumption monitoring system’s error ratio is higher and does not allow for a remote monitoring system. Therefore, this study proposes a smart monitoring and control system for household appliances. This system monitors household appliances’ electricity usage using hardware and the Internet of Things (IoT) methods.

1.3                                 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Electricity is the heart of the nation; to save the national environmental we should save energy. Hence to save energy, our energy system will get smart. Where as to implement the smart energy monitoring system we required energy monitoring process as in smart manner. The main aim of this study is to carry out a study on the system of smart appliances energy monitoring using IoT monitoring. The objectives of this work are:

1. To save energy
2. To monitor energy consumption using internet of things

• To decrease the energy expenditure energy loss

1.4                                                SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this work covers the use of an IoT    technology to monitor energy consumption of home appliances using Atmega328 Microcontroller. This device monitors household appliances’ electricity usage using hardware and the Internet of Things (IoT) methods. The prototype of the proposed system is designed and developed considering Arduino UNO, a liquid crystal display (LCD), an ACS712 current sensor module, relays, and AC sources. The components are selected from the software library, and the simulation results are found the same as the prototype.

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This work is not just a book, but a useful reference and guide for electrical designers, engineers and all students of the department. Information in this word will help the reader to understand how consumed energy can be controlled and monitored, and also will serve as a means of studying about internet of things (IOT).

1.6                                     PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.