Design And Construction Of A Rechargeable Fluorescent Lamp

ABSTRACT

This work is on Researchable AC lamp which is a rechargeable source of light that is generated from an AC sources and stored in a rechargeable battery which is to be used during power outage using a fluorescent lamp as the lighting device. It also serves as immanency sources of light mostly used when there is failure from out public power supply (P.H.C.N).

A fluorescent lamp used converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently than incandescent lamps. The luminous efficacy of a fluorescent light bulb can exceed 100 lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of an incandescent bulb with comparable light output.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

A lantern is a portable lighting device or mounted light fixture used to illuminate broad areas. Lanterns may also be used for signaling, as torches, or as general light sources outdoors. Low light level varieties are used for decoration. The term “lantern” is also used more generically to mean a light source, or the enclosure for a light source.

Rechargeable lights are very useful electrical gadgets and are quite popular, too. During a power failure these portable lights are able to instantly illuminate through battery back up and never allow us to stumble in the darkness. This work was built using fluorescent lamp.

A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently than incandescent lamps. The luminous efficacy of a fluorescent light bulb can exceed 100 lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of an incandescent bulb with comparable light output.

In ancient time, much of the indoor work done by human depended up daylight

Of sun being available, which was created by God as the first thing. Today almost all building has electric lighting installed and all indoor and out of door work can be done at any time of the day or night.

Good lightering provides safety, efficient work and comfortable surrounding lighting scheme are designed using different types of light fitting or luminous in modern term to control the distribution of light.

Due to the importance of lighting, the introduction a two feet electronic fluorescent lamp came out, which shall be able to supply light energy at any particular time of the day or night as the need may be.

The fact that our present electric power supply has been characterized by constant low power output, the two feet electronic fluorescent lamp found its greater advantage in many place such as surgical room, school library and industrial system where clear vision is needed for safety purpose. The present high demand for electronic fluorescent lamp becomes one of major sources of foreign exchange earning for this country (Nigeria).

1.1                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Fluorescence of certain rocks and other substances had been observed for hundreds of years before its nature was understood. By the middle of the 19th century, experimenters had observed a radiant glow emanating from partially evacuated glass vessels through which an electric current passed. One of the first to explain it was the Irish scientist Sir George Stokes from the University of Cambridge, who named the phenomenon “fluorescence” after fluorite, a mineral many of whose samples glow strongly due to impurities. The explanation relied on the nature of electricity and light phenomena as developed by the British scientists Michael Faraday in the 1840s and James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s.

Little more was done with this phenomenon until 1856 when German glassblower Heinrich Geissler created a mercury vacuum pump that evacuated a glass tube to an extent not previously possible. Geissler invented the first gas-discharge lamp, the Geissler tube, consisting of a partially evacuated glass tube with a metal electrode at either end. When a high voltage was applied between the electrodes, the inside of the tube lit up with a glow discharge. By putting different chemicals inside, the tubes could be made to produce a variety of colors, and elaborate Geissler tubes were sold for entertainment. More important, however, was its contribution to scientific research. One of the first scientists to experiment with a Geissler tube was Julius Plücker who systematically described in 1858 the luminescent effects that occurred in a Geissler tube. He also made the important observation that the glow in the tube shifted position when in proximity to an electromagnetic field. Alexandre Edmond Becquerel observed in 1859 that certain substances gave off light when they were placed in a Geissler tube. He went on to apply thin coatings of luminescent materials to the surfaces of these tubes. Fluorescence occurred, but the tubes were very inefficient and had a short operating life.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is to design a lighting gadget that can be powered directly from ac mains for the purposing of charging the battery which later used whenever there is power outage during the night using fluorescent lamp.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This system charges when there is power supply, the energy is stored in a rechargeable battery which is to be used when there is power outage. The lasting of the stored energy depends on the capacity of the rechargeable battery.

Fluorescent Lamps are a lamp type that is commonly used to provide illumination for settings such as commercial lighting, industrial lighting, classroom lighting, and retail lighting. The sizes, light colors, and wattage of fluorescent tubes vary significantly.

1.4                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Rechargeable lantern is used in many places such as:

• In school library, hall and labs
• Churches
• Workshop
• Homes, etc

All for the purpose of illuminating of such environment. They highly choose because of its simplicity and safety, that is, it can be charged, hanged, and continues with your adventures into the night.

Fluorescent light is common in lamps: both outdoor and indoor; fluorescent light is used as back light for LCD displays; decorative lighting and sings, and both in high bay and small area general lighting. Not used for lighting from afar due to the diffuse nature of the light.

1.5                                          THE PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

Reasons for choosing to build art two feet fluorescent lamp and not any other project are:-

1. For knowledge sake
2. To help the society by production and illumination of environment

iii.        To be able to maintain repair and damaged fluorescent lamps.

1. To be able to design circuit diagram

 1.6                                             THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of the project is the ability to do or achieve the project. The scope also includes the step, which intended in executing the project. These steps are:-

1. I make the problem clear
2. I think up ideas to the problem

iii.        I develop solutions to the problem

1. I make or model the solution
2. I see if the solution will solve the problem.

1.7                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

• Energy efficient- so far the best light for interior lighting
• Low production cost (of tubes)
• Long life of tubes
• Good selection of desired color temperature (cool whites to warm whites)
• Diffused light (good for general, even lighting, reducing harsh shadows)

1.8                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

This work is limited on designing and constructing rechargeable Fluorescent Lamp.

• This device will stop working whenever the battery discharges.
• The light of the fluorescent focuses on where the tube is pointed rather than bathing the wider area in light.
• The flicker of the high frequency can be imitated to humans (eye strain, headaches and migraines)
• Flicker of common fluorescent light looks poor on video, and creates an ugly greenish or yellow hue on camera.
• Diffused light (not good when you need a focused beam such as in a headlight or flashlight)
• There is a small amount of mercury in the tubes
• A Imitating licker at the end of the life cycle.
• The device is powered directly to ac mains, and can easily get burnt when high voltage is experienced in the mains if it is not properly regulated.

1.9                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.