Design And Construction Of A Sequential Timer For DC Motor Control

5 Chapters

78 Pages

11,547 Words

A sequential timer for DC motor control is a sophisticated electronic device engineered to regulate the timing of various operations in a DC motor system. This mechanism orchestrates the sequential activation and deactivation of motor components, optimizing efficiency and performance. By integrating precise timing circuits and control mechanisms, it ensures seamless transitions between different motor operations, such as start-up, acceleration, deceleration, and shutdown. The timer’s design encompasses intricate circuitry tailored to the specific requirements of DC motor control, incorporating features like adjustable time intervals, delay mechanisms, and feedback loops to accommodate diverse operational needs. Through meticulous construction and integration of electronic components, such as microcontrollers, relays, and sensors, this system orchestrates the sequential progression of motor activities with precision, enhancing reliability and productivity in various industrial and automation applications.

ABSTRACT

Most industrial processes require rotation of the motors in forward and reverse directions for desired periods. One good example is the automated bottle filling plant. Here the bottles move on a conveyor belt. When the bottles come under the filler, the filler comes down (the motor attached with the mechanism rotates forward) and fills the bottle (the motor stops), then it goes up (the motor rotates in reverse direction) and stops until the next bottle arrives. For moving the filler up and down, the time of rotating the motor forward and reverse is calibrated and fixed. Also, the stop time of the motor is calibrated based on the time required to fill the bottle and the time before arrival of the next bottle.
A good domestic application is in washing machines. Once the timer is set to wash clothes, the motor automatically rotates forward and then backward for fixed periods (10 to 15 seconds) with small pauses in between.

The Abstract of “Design And Construction Of A Sequential Timer For DC Motor Control” ends here.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
1.8 PROBLEM/LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED TERMS
2.3 OVERVIEW OF AN INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.5 CIRCUIT OPERATION
3.6 IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTION OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS USED IN THIS CIRCUIT
3.7 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 TESTING
4.4.1 PRE-IMPLEMENTATION TESTING
4.4.2 POST-IMPLEMENTATION TESTING
4.5 RESULT
4.6 COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION
5.1 RECOMMENDATION
5.2 REFERENCES

The ‘Table of Content” of “Design And Construction Of A Sequential Timer For DC Motor Control” ends here. Scroll down to read Chapter One of this Design And Construction Of A Sequential Timer For DC Motor Control work.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
In most of the industrial processes it is required to rotate DC motor forward and reverse for desired time. First motor rotates forward (clockwise) for some time (say 2 – 3 min) then it stops for some time. Again it rotates reverse (anticlockwise) for some time and rests. This process repeats every time when gets triggered (Dal et al., 2012).
In automated bottle for example, in filling plant, the bottles are moving on conveyor belt. When it comes under filler, the filler comes down (that means motor attached with mechanism rotates forward) then it fills the bottle (that means motor stops). Again it goes up (motor rotates reverse) and stops. As the next bottle arrives, the same process is triggered again. For moving filler up and down the time of rotating motor forward and reverse is calibrated and fixed. Also the motor stop time is calibrated based on time required to fill the bottle. Another very good domestic application is washing machine (Dal et al., 2012). Once timer is set to wash cloths the motor automatically rotates forward and reverse for fixed time (10 – 15 sec) with small pause in between. So I can give thousands of such applications where there is a need to run motor forward – stop – reverse – forward (Dal et al., 2012).
Now because this is sequential process we can use sequential timer. Sequential timer is widely used circuit in industries because in most of the industries all the processes are of chain reaction type. That means one process ends and it triggers next. The last process triggers first process when it ends. And thus the cycle continues (Kershenbaum, 2016). This work covers building a sequential timer for dc motor control.

1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this study is to build a sequential timer for dc motor control using 555 timers, dc motor and relay as the major components.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objectives of this study are:
i. To build a sequential timer for dc motor control prototype
ii. To increase production in our industries
iii. To reduce human labour needed in industries

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This study will serve as a means of promoting automation in our industries. This study will also serve as a means of enlightening students on how to control devices using dc motor and relay.
In this study, application and wiring of 555 timer will be known.

1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The main purpose of this work is to make a sequential timer is a widely used circuit used in industrial plants for industrial processes

1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device is used in places like:
i. bottle filling plant
ii. washing machine etc.

1.7 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
Sequence timer is an advance instrument used to control the timings of the control outputs and operate the output sequentially. It has two or multiple outputs to control different output devices and the time base for both the device is user definable.
• Time setting is very simple.
• High reliability and
• Low initial cost of production

1.8 PROBLEM/LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
It requires an experience personnel for operation and maintenance. Sequence circuits have problem such as complexity, delay, timing issues, and power consumption.

1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

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To create a sequential timer for DC motor control, you’ll need a microcontroller or some form of programmable logic controller (PLC) to handle the timing sequences. Here’s a basic outline of how you could implement this:

Select a Microcontroller or PLC: Choose a suitable microcontroller or PLC depending on your application requirements. Popular choices include Arduino, Raspberry Pi, PIC microcontrollers, PLCs like Siemens S7, Allen-Bradley PLCs, etc.
Motor Driver Circuit: Design or select a motor driver circuit capable of controlling your DC motor. This might involve using H-bridge circuits or motor driver ICs like L298N, L293D, etc., depending on your motor’s voltage and current requirements.
Programming: Write the code to control the timing sequence. This will involve defining the time intervals for different motor actions (start, stop, change direction, etc.). You’ll need to program the microcontroller or PLC accordingly. Below is a basic example using Arduino code:

cpp

const int motorPin1 = 3; // Motor pin 1 connected to digital pin 3

const int motorPin2 = 5; // Motor pin 2 connected to digital pin 5

const int motorSpeed = 255; // Motor speed (0-255)

const unsigned long interval = 1000; // Interval in milliseconds
void setup() {

pinMode(motorPin1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(motorPin2, OUTPUT);

}
void loop() {

// Motor forward

digitalWrite(motorPin1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW);

delay(interval);
 // Motor stop

digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW);

delay(interval);
 // Motor reverse

digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motorPin2, HIGH);

delay(interval);

// Motor stop digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW); digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW); delay(interval); }

Testing and Debugging: Once you have your hardware and code ready, test the system thoroughly to ensure that it behaves as expected. Debug any issues that arise during testing.
Integration: Integrate the timer and motor control system into your larger project or application as needed.
Safety Considerations: Ensure that proper safety measures are in place, especially when dealing with motors and electrical circuits. This includes things like using appropriate voltage levels, providing overcurrent protection, and implementing emergency stop mechanisms if necessary.
Optimization and Expansion: Depending on your requirements, you may need to optimize the code for better performance or expand the functionality to include features like speed control, direction sensing, etc.

Remember to consult relevant datasheets and documentation for your chosen microcontroller, motor driver, and other components to ensure compatibility and proper usage