Design And Construction Of A Three-Storey Building Elevator Indicator

ABSTRACT

Elevator is an inseparable part of a building structure. A simulation study of elevator indicator of a 3- storey building has been presented in this paper using digital logic circuit. The main function of elevator floor indicator is to indicate the floor that the elevator is currently on. We have focused on logic formulation of the probable events associated with movement of the elevator and implemented the logic equations using standard digital circuit simulator software Proteus 7 Professional. Major sections of the entire circuit structure are power supply unit, level positioning control unit, output display unit and clock controlling unit. Simulated results from the circuit simulator software show exact match with the desired results which proves our design validity.

Cover page

1. Certification

iii. Dedication

1. Acknowledgement
2. Abstract:

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the Study
• Problem Statement
• Aim and Objective of Study
• Research question
• Purpose of the study
• Research methodology
• Project organisation

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1    review of the study

2.2    review of related studies

2.3    working of an elevator

2.4    review of different types of elevator indicators

CHAPTER THREE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.1    block diagram

3.2    system operation

3.3    sample inputs from users and list of events

3.4    logic equations

3.5    logic formulation of elevator direction

3.6    circuit design description

3.7    Power supply unit

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS/ANALYSIS

4.1 Result and Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECONMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                          INTRODUCTION

1.1                            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In simple terms, an elevator can be defined as a kind of transportation that moves in the vertical direction whilst carrying people and baggage between the floors (or levels) of a building or any other type of structure. Elevators, or lifts, exist in several different forms but their method of operation is common; to lift materials in a tall tower or construction site in a continuous flow. Electric motors are used in general to power elevators by driving hoist like systems. Whether they are used in agricultural fields or in the manufacturing industries, elevators serve the basic purpose of reducing manual effort to carry heavy loads from one place to another in any infrastructure. Elevators are a Godsend discovery for handicapped and disabled people who can’t be expected to use stairs (or escalators in case of wheelchairs) to ascend or descend in a multi-storied building. Moreover, in most high-rise buildings it is often a legal requirement to have elevators as wheelchair ramps wouldn’t be practical there.

Automated elevator systems aim to provide the utmost quality service in order to achieve peoples transportation needs. The main target of the automated elevators control system is to bring the lift car to the right floor when needed, to ensure a speed that is within the limits of safety and minimalizes the time travel and also provides comfort to the passengers. The control system of lifts is programmed in such a way that it keeps track of details that include; accelerating and decelerating speed, door opening and closing speed, hall lantern signals and traveling time et cetera. An increased response time leads to a longer waiting time which just produces frustration among the passengers. Even with the most comprehensive course of maintenance, all elevator systems have to be upgraded or replaced eventually. Postponing replacement just leads to disastrous situations which should be avoided at all costs. Another common problem that causes damage to the elevators is overloading. People tend to overload lifts so that they don’t have to wait for another five minutes which often causes the elevators to breakdown or to get stuck.

The  recent  surge  in  transportation  from  rural  to urban  sites  has  resulted  in  a  massive  growth  in population. This situation has created the congestion issue in residence and there is an  essential  need  for vertical high buildings. The main necessity of today’s world is to save the time required to travel.  The elevator  system  is  the  one  that  was  introduced  for high-rise  buildings  to  save  time  and  to  give  some relaxation to people. Most of the people are focused on the relaxed, smooth, and safe operation of the elevator. Elevators need a control  system  for  controlling  all the components which are connected to the panel [1]. Currently,  monitoring  and  scheduling  of  elevators  in high/  low  stories,  commercial,  residential  sectors  are not  satisfied  with  existing  elevators  operations.  The need for elevators with developed technology enforces the system operators to apply an optimal monitoring scheme [2].

Elevator fixtures are the set of buttons, floor indicators, hall lanterns and other things for elevators

The floor indicators are located inside and/or outside of the elevator. It is used to indicate the floor that the elevator is currently on.  The proposed work is aimed at building a floor elevator indicator for a three storey building.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Finding out where people want to go is very easy. The buttons in the elevator and the buttons on each floor are all wired to the computer. When you press one of these buttons, the computer logs this request. However the challenge is that people always find it difficult to know when they arrive at the requested floor. Building indicators is for detecting and alerting people in the elevator whenever the elevator gets to any floor.

1.3                                  AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Modern elevators are controlled by a computer. The computer’s job is to process all of the relevant information about the elevator and turn the motor the correct amount to put the elevator car where it needs to be. The main aim of this work is to build an elevator indicator for a three storey building which indicates the correct floor the elevator is at any point in time. The objectives of the study are:

1. To give direction to people
2. To understand the floor position of the elevator

• To create awareness of the people inside the elevator when they arrive.

1.4                                                   RESEARCH QUESTION

1. How do elevators know what floor they are on?
2. What are the functions of elevator floor indicators?

• What is an elevator position indicator?

1. How does elevator works?

1.5                                          PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of building a three storey building elevator floor indicator is to indicate the floor that the elevator is currently on.

1.6                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.9                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.