Design And Construction Of A Two Lane Traffic Light
The design and construction of a two-lane traffic light system is a complex and intricate process that involves the integration of various components to ensure the smooth and safe flow of traffic. This traffic control infrastructure is essential for managing the intersection efficiently, preventing collisions, and optimizing the overall traffic network. The system typically includes signal heads, controllers, detectors, and communication devices. Signal heads, equipped with red, yellow, and green lights, convey crucial information to motorists, guiding them through the intersection. The controllers act as the brain of the operation, orchestrating the timing and sequencing of the lights. Detectors, such as loop sensors embedded in the road, monitor the presence of vehicles and trigger signal changes accordingly. The successful implementation of a two-lane traffic light system necessitates meticulous planning, adherence to traffic engineering standards, and rigorous testing to ensure its functionality and reliability in managing the flow of vehicles at the intersection.
The project work is on the design and construction of automatic two lane traffic light control.
This system is based on digital electronics. It employs an astable multivibrator which is the clock generator that sends the clock into a time sequencing generator using a decade counter with ten (10) decodes output that has it’s binary corded decimal (BCD) output into a diode or gate that sends logical data’s into a transistor switching circuit that switches the lamps that raises traffic signals on the two lane junction.
Cover Page
Title Page
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknoweldgement
Abstract
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 General Description Of The Project
1.2 Design Objective
1.3 Significance Of The Project
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Historical Background Of The Project
2.2 Theories And Models Relevant To The Design
2.3 List And Descript Ion Of The System Component
Chapter Three
3.0 System Design
3.1 Description Of The System Building Block
3.2 System Design Specification
3.3 Block Diagram Of The System
3.4 Description Of The Overall Operation Of The System
3.5 Component List
3.6 Complete Circuit Diagram Of A Two Lane Traffic Light Control
Chapter Four
4.1 Implementation, Testing And Results
Chapter Five
5.1 Cost Of Analysis
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
References
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The trend in electronics is tending into digital electronics which make it possible for the birth of computers, digital communication systems like GSM, and industrial automation.
This is the main reason why we have chosen a project topic on the design and construction of an automatic two (2)-lane traffic light control.
This system has always been right from the advent of digital electronics in Nigeria.
Our own project design is the miniature type that employs six (6) light emitting diodes (LED) as the visual display unit (VDU).
The entire system contains four (4) different plus the block that contains the light omitting diodes which makes it five (5) blocks altogether and also a power supply unit (PSU) that supplies the battery voltage.
At the input is an astable multivibrator (AMV) built using 555 timer that provides the intelligence clock signal that determines the timing based on what the time sequence generator interprets from the clock (10 ten decade counter). Then the binary corded decimal (BCD) output is now ored using discret junction diodes as OR gate such that an output is adapted using the functional behaviour of OR-gate into an inter-fase card that contains arrays of transistor switching circuit that switches the six (6) LEDS based on the timing sequencing such that three (3) LEDs for one lane, the other three (3) goes for the other lane, which gives vehicles passing from one lane to another lane traffic signal so as to avoid accidents.
1.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVE
The objective of this design is to create an electronic circuit using digital components and a few linear components such that a digital output is raised to control the traffic at two lane junction using six (6) lamps rather light emitting diodes LEDS, where three (3) lamps or LEDs serves for one lane and t he other three (3) serves for the other lane,
Among the three (3) LEDs one is Red, which signifies that vehicles should move.
The second is green and it signifies that vehicles should stop.
The third as amber which signifies vehicles should get ready to move.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The project design work signifies a lot in modern industrial electronics.
This design that replaced the manually used agent which is the traffic warden positioned at different traffic junctions.
In most developed towns in Nigeria, this system is employed at every junction, so that traffic jam or hold up will be highly controlled and also accidents at this junction are highly minimized.
In advance countries, the type of traffic light employed are inform of robot whose eyes serves as the visual display unit (VDU) when the traffic rule is violet ed the error detector is effected by the mechanical action of the robot.
SHARE PROJECT MATERIALS ON:
Two Lane Traffic Light:
A two-lane traffic light, also known as a two-way traffic signal, is a type of traffic control device used at intersections or roadways with two lanes of traffic in each direction. These traffic lights are designed to manage the flow of vehicles and pedestrians, ensuring safety and efficient traffic movement.
A typical two-lane traffic light consists of:
- Red Light: When the red light is illuminated, it indicates that vehicles in both lanes must come to a complete stop. This is the signal for all vehicles to stop and wait until the light changes to green.
- Green Light: The green light allows vehicles in both lanes to proceed through the intersection or along the road. It indicates that it is safe for traffic in both directions to move forward.
- Yellow Light: The yellow light serves as a warning that the green light is about to change to red. It is meant to signal drivers to slow down and prepare to stop, but if they are too close to the intersection, they should proceed with caution to clear the intersection safely.
Two-lane traffic lights are typically positioned above each lane of traffic or mounted on a single overhead structure that spans both lanes. In some cases, additional traffic control devices, such as turn arrows or pedestrian signals, may also be present to manage specific movements or crossings.
Traffic lights are essential for maintaining order and safety at intersections with heavy traffic. They help prevent accidents and ensure the efficient flow of vehicles in multiple directions. Proper adherence to traffic signals by drivers and pedestrians is crucial to the effectiveness of these devices in reducing accidents and congestion.