Design And Construction Of An Electronic Wireless Body Scanner

ABSTRACT

Wireless body area network is a climbing innovation in machine world and assumes an exceptionally lively part in general public. By using this technology, medical specialists can check complete subtle elements of a patient from a remote area and can prescribe a suitable solution. The primary motivation behind this innovation is to decrease the work load at doctor’s facilities and give proficient medical services. For this purpose, different body sensors are used to scan and monitor the physical parameters such as electro-cardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature of patients, and use wireless sensor network (WSN) in conjunction with internet of things (IoT) to continuously monitor the patient condition. Health parameters data is also sent to the medical personnel.with the help of wireless technology module such as a Zigbee (S2 module) and internet cloud computing. The proposed system is not only economically viable but also offers enough portability to be used in remote under-privileged areas for better health facilities.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT OUTLINE

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• OVERVIEW ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ZIGBEE NETWORK

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2     SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

3.3      SYSTEM FLOW CHARTS

3.4      DESCRIPTION OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS USED

3.5      WORKING METHODOLOGY

3.6     POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS

4.1      SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.2      TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
• REFERENCES
• LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

Our project is a working model which incorporates sensors to measure all these parameters like Body temperature, Respiratory Temp, Saline Status ECG and Heart Beat rate and transfer it to the computer, so that the patient condition can be analyzed to by doctors in any part of the hospital wherever they are. Thus it reduces doctors work load and also gives more accurate results, wherever there is an abnormality felt by the patient. The main aim of this work is build a device that monitors the health status of patients then scan the result to the doctor in-charge. Doctor can check patients’ ECG message via management center at all times, and make diagnosis analysis to patients’ condition.

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Due to an increment in the mean age, the population size in developing countries becomes bigger every year. According to a survey done by the U.S administration, during 2000 2030 the number of people whose age are more than 65 years will be doubled, approaching 71 million in 2030 [1]–[3]. So, wireless body scanning system should be improved if we want to meet the health requirements in the future. This will potentially increase the cost of the medical expenses for which a large amount of national budget is required. Therefore, it is challenging for   the hospitals and emergency care centers to facilitate the large number of patients especially in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan.

A wireless body scanning system becomes more important for the people who require continuous monitoring of their medical conditions [4]. In the past few decades, significant achievements in technology has allowed us to handle various problems arising in the medical field [5]. In these days, there are many modern monitoring devices which have different type of capabilities and can help medical care staff in hospitals to work with the aged or disabled person. A specific intention is also concentrated on continuous health parameters monitoring system techniques. Unlike the other techniques (e.g. spot checking techniques), this technique has the ability to provide continuous monitoring and scanning of the health parameters and inform the responsible medical care staff in case of any emergency [6]. In this project we implement the same type of health.

wireless body scanning system is continuously measures the physical health parameters of patients and transfers the data of the parameters to the doctor with the help of wireless technology device (Zigbee S2 module). The data is also uploaded to the doctors android mobile and hospital website, and in case of any emergency, the emergency message is also sent to the respective concerned person.

Internet and cloud computing allows us to connect various electronic devices to data centers capturing critical information. By connecting things with cloud technology and leveraging mobility, desired data is captured and shared at any location and any time. As the Internet evolves into the Internet of Things (IoT), the focus shifts from connectivity   to data [7]. Typically, an IoT reference framework consists of four main levels: IoT device level (e.g., sensors and actuators), network level (e.g., IoT gateways, routers, switches), application service platform level (the IoT Platform), and IoT application level. Essentially, every device or object is assigned a unique internet protocol (IP) address which enables it to transfer data to a network or a cloud [8]. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is the most commonly used technology in the IoT to gather the information about a specific event, especially in medical field [9]. A WSN is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed sensors to monitor physical or environ- mental conditions. With the very fast development of sensor networks, it has opened new doors in the field of health care. In particular, the current paper has used wireless technologies consisting of radio-frequency identification (RFID), Zigbee and global system for mobile (GSM). Any change in the physical parameters of patient is immediately monitored and detected (through a WSN) in real-time, and the data is sent to the hospital website at the same time.

In underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, many patients die due to unavailability of medical facilities, especially in rural and remote areas [10]. So to assist them with complete and suitable help, a system that has continuous health monitoring system is needed [11]. The fixed health monitoring system is very costly and huge, and available only in the intensive care unit (ICU) of hospitals [12]. There are lots of devices and instruments available in the markets which measure the blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature of the patient, but all these devices are manually operated or need a person to measure the parameters.

The proposed system is built for the home use of a patient who needs continuous monitoring by the family or clinician [13]. In case of any emergency, a message is sent to the doctor or respective caretaker. In this way, by providing proper service, many patients lives can easily be saved. In particular, the current research project addresses two main issues in the medical health monitoring system:

• The devices available in hospitals are very heavy and costly, and they are only available in the ICU of the hospitals. It is very difficult for the patient who needs continuously monitoring to stay in the hospital all the time. Therefore, a device is needed by which the patients health condition can be continuously monitored at
• Many patients are dying due to the negligence of caretaking person (especially during the nights). Thus a system is needed to inform us in the case of any emergency or critical condition of the

By using the proposed system, the patient data can be scanned, recorded and sent to the doctor by the help of Zigbee. Other commnication technologies, for example WIFI and GPRS may also be used for this purpose, but Zigbee has the advantage due to its great range, accuracy, and user-friendly device interface.

1.2                                     AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This project is used to scan the complete parameters of a person in an ICU ward. The check parameter data are sent to the doctor PC via wireless network.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

• 8 independent analog channels available. (For future Enhancements)
• All the Parameters can be viewed on the Mobile phone
• Annunciation’s systems are included for all this analog inputs
• Heart Beat Rate of the Patient
• Saline status is displayed in the monitor.
• On-line graphics for selectable parameters.
• On-line recording of all process parameters in the interval selectable by the user, which is most useful for future analysis and failure detection.

1.4                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

An electronic wireless body scanner is important for the people who require continuous monitoring of their medical conditions [4]. In the past few decades, significant achievements in technology has allowed us to handle various problems arising in the medical field [5]. In these days, there are many modern monitoring devices which have different type of capabilities and can help medical care staff in hospitals to work with the aged or disabled person. A specific intention is also concentrated on continuous health parameters monitoring system techniques. Unlike the other techniques (e.g. spot checking techniques), this technique has the ability to provide continuous monitoring of the health parameters and inform the responsible medical care staff in case of any emergency [6].

1.5                                               BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT

it reduces doctors work load and also gives more accurate results, wherever there is an abnormality felt by the patient.

1.6                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Doctor: This device is used by doctors to monitor the health condition of their patients

By Patients: this system is built for the home use of a patient who needs continuous monitoring by the family or clinician [13]. In case of any emergency, a message is sent to the doctor or respective caretaker. In this way, by providing proper service, many patients lives can easily be saved. In particular, the current research project addresses two main issues in the medical health monitoring system.

1.7                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

If this system is not properly installed, it can scan and send wrong information of patient’s data to the doctor’s pc.

1.8                                                        METHODOLOGY

mainly focuses on the wireless transmission part of the data acquistion system, and the main idea of this proposed system is to continuously monitor the patients condition over internet. The design consists of Arduino Uno microcontroller ATmega328, temperature sensor (LM 35), pulse count infrared (IR) sensor, amplification IC (LM 324), GSM modem (Sim-900D), and RFID. In this system the data collected     by the microcontroller comes from the sensors where the data processing and calculation is done [6]. Afterwards the data is sent through the wireless module of Zigbee and the doctor can access the patient data on his/her PC-screen when the data are received by the receiver-end node.

1.9                                                     PROJECT OUTLINES

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, scope, objective, benefit, limitation and problem of this work was discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.