Design And Construction Of An Improved Automated Car Parking System

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Now days in many multiplex systems there is a severe problem for car parking space. There are many lanes for car parking, so to park a car one has to look for the all lanes. Moreover there is a lot of men labor involved for this process for which there is lot of investment. So the need is to develop a system which indicates directly which parking slot is vacant in any lane. The project involves a system including infrared transmitter and receiver in every lane and a LED and LCD display outside the car parking gate. So the person entering parking area can view the LED display and can decide which lane to enter so as to park the car (Autoblog, 2015).
Conventionally, car parking systems does not have any intelligent monitoring system. Parking lots are monitored by human beings. All vehicles enter into the parking and waste time for searching for parking slot. Sometimes it creates blockage. Condition become worse when there are multiple parking lanes and each lane have multiple parking slots. Use of automated system for car parking monitoring will reduce the human efforts. Display unit is installed on entrance of parking lot which will show LEDs for all Parking slot and for all parking lanes. Empty slot is indicated by the respective glowing LED (Autoblog, 2015).

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
There is always a problem of parking of cars in public places such as worship places, markets, government houses, etc. so to park a car one has to look for the all lanes which wastes time and energy to do such. In some places lot of men are hired to carry out the assignment which costs huge amount of money to pay them. So the need is to develop a system which indicates directly which parking slot is vacant in any lane, this device was invented to solve or perfume this function.

1.3 AIM /OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this project is to solve these problems of car parking using automatic car parking slot indicator using microcontroller. The microcontroller serves as a programming tool to run the whole operation, to reduce the cost in terms of requirement such as job opportunity and to increase security. Moreover, this system is faster, flexible and can meet market needs. The system also has software which fulfils the following objectives:
i. To indicate Reserve parking space
ii. To carryout Payment of ticket
iii. Sends a reminder for 10 mins to expiration of ticket.
iv. Generates bar code after payment

1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose is to control the number of the car inside it, how to monitor the movement in/out side of the parking lot, how to check whether there is a place inside for more cars or not and the safety to park.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
In the project “Car Parking System” we have shown the concept of an automatic car parking system. As in the modern world everything is going automatic, we have built a system which will automatically sense the entry and exit of cars through the gate and then display the number of cars in the parking lot. Even we can set a maximum capacity of cars by the help of user interface given in the hardware in the form of switches so that there is no congestion. We have deployed a microcontroller used to sense the movement of cars and check whether there is a capacity for cars to park, then decide the gate either opens or not. It is also possible to open a gate when any car enters in the parking lot or close the door when a car exits from it.
There are two sets of sensors: one is installed on the first gate (entry gate) and the other is installed on another gate (exit gate). When a car arrives at the door, the microcontroller receives the signal from the entry sensors and then checks whether there is a space for the car to be accommodated. Simultaneously, it will display the number of cars present in the parking lot on a LCD screen and opens the gate if there is a space for the car to park. When a car moves out of the parking area, the microcontroller reduces the count displayed on the LCD accordingly and then closes the gate. The sensing of entry and exit of cars is done through infrared transmitters and receivers. Before the door the infrared transmitter is mounted on one side and the receiver is placed directly against the transmitter across the door. When a car arrives, the infrared beam is blocked by the car and the receiver is devoid of infrared rays and its output changes. This change message is sent to the microcontroller and accordingly it increases the count and opens the door if there is some empty position. The procedure for the exit of cars is much similar to that of entry.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
It will enable the drivers at the exit gate to enter if there is any empty space in the parking and disable them to enter when there is no empty space. It will manage the main parking spaces by alerting the drivers if there are spaces to park in or not. It will provide an automated system that whenever there is no space no one can access the parking and when there is space drivers can access the parking.
In terms of money, this project has two things in general; namely: It will reduce the number of people needed at the gate to guide drivers.
It will provide a way of getting money for any institution that has this system because it can be put on the market and people use it for their interest like in a commercial sector where an institution has movement of clients that have vehicles and the institution cannot support them at the same time; hence this automated system can be a solution.

1.7 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
This device is used in public places such as:
i. Garage
ii. Worshipping centres
iii. Industries
iv. Business areas
To provide ease, and sense of safety and security of the vehicle in the crowded areas

1.8 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
I. There is a greater construction cost per space
II. Use of redundant systems will result in a greater cost.
III. It may be a bit confusing for unfamiliar users.
IV. There may be a fear of breakdown. The system might malfunction if a sensor gets damaged

1.9 BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
i. There is a greater sense of security due to the fact that patrons do not actually walk to and from their own space.
ii. It is highly feasible for extremely small sites that are unable to accommodate a conventional ramped parking structure.
iii. There is high parking efficiency
v. There is no need for driving while looking for an available space.
vi. Emissions are greatly brought down and reduced.
vii. The patrons wait for their car in a highly controlled environment.
viii. There are less chances for vehicle vandalism.
ix. There is a minimal staff requirement if it is used by known parkers.

1.9 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:
i. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
ii. Draw a block diagram.
iii. Test for continuity of components and devices,
iv. programming of microcontroller
v. Design and calculation was carried out.
vi. Studying of various component used in circuit.
vii. Construction of the proposed system.
viii. Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.10 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.