Design And Construction Of Current Boost Power Supply From 90-220Vac

ABSTRACT

This work is on current booster power supply from 90- 220vac using transformer, which served as a step up transformer whose secondary voltage is greater than its primary voltage. It is designed to increase the voltage (90v) from the primary winding to 220vac in the secondary winding.

As a step-up unit, the transformer converts low-voltage into high-voltage. The larger-gauge wire used in the secondary winding is necessary due to the increase in current. The primary winding, which doesn’t have to conduct as much current, may be made of smaller-gauge wire.

The aim of this work is to design and construct a step-up transformer power supply system with a primary voltage of 90V and a secondary voltage of 220V.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF TRANSFORMER
2.2     CLASSIFICATION PARAMETER OF A TRNSFORMER
2.3     REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
2.4     OTHER TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1     CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF A STEP UP TRANSFORMER

3.2   BASIC WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A TRANSFORMER

3.3      TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION

3.4     CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION OF A STEP-UP TRANSFORMER

3.5   DESIGN FO THE TRANSFORMER PROPER

3.6      TURNS CALCULATION

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 TESTING OF TRANSFORMER OPERATION

4.2 SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST

4.3 FAULT WITHSTAND

4.4 TRANSFORMER COOLING METHODS
4.5 DESIGN PHOTOGRAPH

4.6 TROUBLESHOOTING METHOD OF A STEP UP TRANSFORMER

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSIONS
• RECOMMENDATION

5.3     REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Power supply supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices along with their loads. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices.

Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its design, a power supply may obtain energy from various types of energy sources, including electrical energy transmission systems, energy storage devices such as a batteries and fuel cells, electromechanical systems such as generators and alternators, solar power converters, or another power supply.

All power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the energy source, and a power output that delivers energy to the load. In most power supplies the power input and output consist of electrical connectors or hardwired circuit connections, though some power supplies employ wireless energy transfer in lieu of galvanic connections for the power input or output.

However, in this work, a power supply was design using a transformer which serves as a step-up transformer. A step up transformer: is one whose secondary voltage is greater than its primary voltage. It is designed to increase the voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding.

For the course of this work, a step up transformer which is used to convert 90V to 220vac was built which is main objective of the project.

1.2                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT

The standard power supply for Nigeria is 220vac but at times due to malfunction of distribution transformer or from any other source a low voltage as low as 90vac can be supplied which hindered consumers from using the supply till the the situation will be rectified. In order to overcome this problem a step up power supplied was designed whose function is to boost supplied voltage from 90vac to 220vac.

1.3                                        AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to produce a 220vac from a 90vac at a low cost using transformer. At the end of this work:

1. a transformer with primary voltage of 90V and a secondary voltage of 220V would be constructed.
2. Principle of operation of a transformer would be learned

• Different types of transformer will be discussed

1. Different types of Cooling systems of a transformer will be discussed

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

A step up transformer is needed to increase the incoming 90 Volt electricity supplied to 220 Volts supply. It can be safely used powering 220v rated appliances. The design is a cheap way of generating power supply from a low voltage supply. It has an easy maintenance.

1.5                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

i.                   Aerospace

ii.                 Home

iii.              industries

iv.              Industrial/Semiconductor Fabrication

v.                 Medical

vi.              Military/Defense

vii.            Scientific

1.6                                                    DEFINITION OF TERMS

Step-down: A converter where output voltage is lower than the input voltage (such as a buck converter).

Step-up: A converter that outputs a voltage higher than the input voltage (such as a boost converter).

Continuous current mode: Current and thus the magnetic field in the inductive energy storage never reach zero.

Discontinuous current mode: Current and thus the magnetic field in the inductive energy storage may reach or cross zero.

Noise: Unwanted electrical and electromagnetic signal noise, typically switching artifacts.

1.7                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the power supply system. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of power supply system were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the work. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed. Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.