Design And Fabrication Of A Motorized Lifting Mechanism (Scissors Jack)

ABSTRACT

Scissor jacks are simple mechanisms used to drive large loads for short distances. The power screw design of a common scissor jack reduces the amount of force required by the user to drive the mechanism. Most scissor jacks are similar in design, consisting of four main members driven by a power screw. The work in this study is design and fabrication of, an electrically operated scissor jack. A scissor jack, electrically operated by switch buttons consists of a motor, four arms, a load engaging head and stabilizer base. The motor will be the lifting mechanism. When the car needs to be lifted, just press the button and release the button at the desired height level. The common problem faced by the mechanical car jack in the market is it is manually operated and needed physical effort to lift the vehicle. The developed automatic car jack is based on the result and analysis part to lift loaded car, van.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND  OF THE STUDY
2.2     VARIOUS DEVELOPMENTS IN LIFTING DEVICES

2.3    NECESSITY OF JACK

2.4    TYPES OF JACKS USED TODAY

2.5    REVIEW OF THE EXISTING TYPE

2.6    DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING JACK

2.7    THE PROPOSED WORK

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1     INTRODUCTION

3.2     FABRICATION

CHAPTER FOUR

DESIGN ANALYSIS

4.1     CALCULATION OF DIAMETER

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     CONCLUSION

5.1     RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                              INTRODUCTION

1.1                                 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

An automotive jack is a device used to raise all or part of a vehicle into the air in order to facilitate repairs [Budynas, R. G., Nisbett, J. K., 2018]. Most people are familiar with the basic car jack (manually operated) that is still included as standard equipment with most new cars. These days, a car jack is an important tool to have in our vehicle due to unknown upcoming event such as flat tire in our journey. Even so, people who like to rotate their tires themselves or who may install snow tires before the winter and remove them in the spring need to use a jack to perform the job. Changing a flat tire is not a very pleasant experience [Scholarsresearchlibrary.com].

Furthermore, available jacks are typically large, heavy and also difficult to store, transport, carry or move into the proper position under an automobile. In addition, to the difficulties in assembling and setting up jacks, such jacks are generally not adapted to be readily disassembled and stored after automobile repairs have been completed [Bazoune, 2017]. Car jacks must be easy to use even for women or whoever had problem with the tire in the middle of nowhere.

In light of such inherent disadvantages, commercial automobile repair and service stations are commonly equipped with large and hi-tech car lift, wherein such lifts are raised and lowered via electrically or hydraulically powered systems. However, due to their sheer size and high costs of purchasing and maintaining electrically-powered car lifts, such lifts are not available to the average car owner. Engineering is about making things simpler and effective [Budynas, R. G., Nisbett, J. K., 2018]. Such electrical-powered portable jacks not only remove the arduous task of lifting an automobile via manually-operated jacks, but further decrease the time needed to repair the automobile. Such a feature can be especially advantageous when it is necessary to repair an automobile on the side of a roadway or under other hazardous conditions.

Available jacks present difficulties for the elderly, women and are especially disadvantageous under adverse weather conditions. They further require the operator to remain in prolonged bent or squatting position to operate the jack [Bazoune, 2017]. Hydraulic systems that do not have the necessary hydraulic fluids will not function, which becomes a problem when a leak occurs. You must repair the leak so the hydraulic fluids can continue to produce flow; otherwise, the hydraulic system will begin to slow down. Areas that have leakage will also have hotter internal temperatures. This phenomenon can prove beneficial; since these temperatures can help the operators of the hydraulic systems locate the leak, prevent leaks by using proper procedures and the correct materials, and by performing regular preventative maintenance.  You must filter oils in hydraulic systems on a regular basis to ensure that the hydraulic fluid contains no broken particles, as well as to eliminate harmful damaging air pockets.

Scissor jacks have several key advantages over both hydraulic jacks and manual labor methods:

1. The jack is light and
2. Making it easy to stow in the trunk of any size
3. The jack’s lightweight design makes it user friendly for people of all strengths and physical
4. A scissor jack will not suddenly “leak” and drop down like some hydraulic
5. The precision of these jacks allows for extremely precise lifting

In addition to automotive applications, the scissor jack can also be used in construction and remodeling. Building a deck is a great opportunity to employ a scissor jack outside of the garage. Regardless of the nature of the project, a scissor jack is a quick, safe, and easy way to elevate heavy objects.

An electric car jack which has a frame type of design by using electricity from the car battery or separate battery will be developed. Operator only needs to press the button from the controller without working in a bent or squatting position for a long period of time to change the tire. In order to fulfill the needs of present car jack, some improvement must be made based on the problems statement [Engineers      Edge, 2016]. To design a car jack that is safe, reliable and able to raise and lower the height level. To develop a car jack that is powered by internal car power and fully automated with a button system.

1.2                                       PROBLEM STATEMENT

The object lifting jack has been developed to cater to the needs of small and medium automobile garages, which are normally man powered with minimum skilled labour. In most of the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and skilled labour. In order to avoid all such disadvantages, the automated motorized object lifting jack has been designed in such a way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force. The operation is made simple so that even unskilled labour can use it with ease. The d.c motor is coupled with the lead screw by gear arrangement, the lead screw rotation depends upon the rotation of d.c motor.

1.3                                         AIM OF THE PROJECT

A Scissor jack is mechanical equipment used to lift up heavy loads. The power screw mechanism included in a scissor jack is design to lower the amount of force needed to lift the heavy loads. The operation of a scissor jack starts by using a z shaped crank that is mounted to a small hole on the mechanism. After rotating the crank, the screw jack rotates and acts like a gear mechanism. The lifting section consists of arms. The turning of screw operates the arms in such a way that it lifts up very gently. Now the arm rotates very gently and force needed to lift the vehicle is divided into parts and user can lift very heavy objects with comparatively very less force. Also the weight of the load is not enough to push the scissor down, since it would require very large force. Thus it allows us to life heavy loads like cars by just using human strength, also the system is further improved by making it motorized so user does not need to operate it manually but just press a button for lifting and lowering it which is the aim of this work – to build the automatic or motorized type of a scissor jack type.

1.3                                 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

• To design a motorized power scissor jack which is safe and reliable to raise and lower the load easily.
• Use of double start square thread in power screw.
• Pins in bearings.
• To fabricate the prototype of a scissor jack.
• To achieve mass production
• To reduce the production cost and time.
• To achieve good product quality.

1.4                                    PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

Available jacks present difficulties for the elderly people and women and are especially disadvantageous under adverse weather conditions. Presently available jacks further require the operator to remain in prolonged bent or squatting position to operate the jack which is not ergonomic to human body. It will give physical problems in course of time. Moreover, the safety features are also not enough for operator to operate the present jack. Furthermore, available jacks are typically large, heavy and also difficult to store, transport, carry or move into the proper position under an automobile. The purpose of this project is to overcome these problems. An electric car jack which has a frame type of design by using electricity from the car will be developed. Operator only needs to press the button from the controller without working in a bent or squatting position for a long period of time to change the tire.

1.5                                                ADVANTAGES

Checking and cleaning are easy, because the main parts are screwed.

• Handling is easy
• The loaded light vehicles can be easily lifted.
• No Manual power required.
• Easy to Repair.
• Replacement of parts are easy

1.6                                             DISADVANTAGES

• Cost of the equipment is high when compared to ordinary hand jack.
• Care must be taken for the handling the equipment such as proper wiring connection, battery charging checkup, etc.

1.7                                                        LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Difficulty in parts gathering: I found it too difficult when gathering electronics parts used for the prototype.

1.8                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.9                                    PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1                                                 CONCLUSION

Our proposed design is similar to common SCISSOR designs in some aspects, but also advantageous in others. It can safely raise a load of 7000kg to the required heights with relative ease on the user.  The features of our design are lifting the required load without human effort by using 12V DC supply, to lift the heavy vehicles and making easy manufacturing. Unique to our design, however, is the manufacturability of our design, which is much simpler. Since only c-shapes are utilized, bulk material can be more efficiently purchased and used.

In this work a power scissor jack which can be operated by a power gun has been designed and fabricated. The jack has been designed to a pay load of 4.5kN. The salient features of the present fabrication are elimination of human effort to operate the jack, through a simple electrical device which can be actuated by a 12 V battery and provision of a light source to facilitate convenient operation during night time. The assembly of the component can be achieved in 100 minutes. Another feature of the unit is provision of two trunions on both the sides of the jack to ensure jerk free operation. The elements which are useful are readily available commercially for easy replacement of failed components, if required.

5.2                                          RECOMMENDATION

Also, less machining is required since there are no complex sleeves for the power screw. Only simple attachments which can be welded on are proposed. Therefore, when compared to similar scissor jack designs that perform equally as well, our proposed design is recommended for its easy handling, manufacturability and lower cost. We recommend that this design will very useful at the time of tyre puncture and absence of cleaner without any human effort. It can be easily operated by ladies and handicapped. If this project is developed to high load carrying capacity, the heavy vehicles can be lift with less effort.