Design And Implementation Of Computerized Population Analysis System

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Demography is the statistical and mathematical study of the size, composition,
and spatial distribution of human populations and how these features change
over time. Data is obtained from a census of the population and from registries-
records of events like birth, deaths, migrations, marriages, divorces, diseases,
and employment. To do this, there needs to be an understanding of how they are
calculated and the questions they answers which is included in these four
concepts: population change, standardization of population numbers, the
demographic bookkeeping equation, and population composition.
Population change is analyzed by measuring the change between one
population size to another. Global population continues to rise, which makes
population change an essential component to demographics. This is calculated
by taking one population size minus the population size in an earlier census.
The best way of measuring population change is using the intercensal
percentage change. The intercensal percentage change is the absolute change in
population between the censuses divided by the population size in the earlier
census. Next, multiply this by 100 to receive a percentage. When this statistic is
achieved, the population growth between two or more nations that differ in size,
can be accurately measured and examined.
For there to be a significant comparison, numbers must be altered for the
size of the population that is under study. For example, the fertility rate is
calculated as the ratio of the number of births to women of childbearing are to
the total number of women in this age range (multiplied by 1000). If these
adjustments were not made, we would not know if a nation with a higher rate of
births or deaths has a population with more women of childbearing age or more
births per eligible woman.
Within the category of standardization, there are two major approaches:
direct standardization and indirect standardization. Direct standardization is able
to be used when the population being studied is large enough for age-specific
rate are stable. Indirect standardization is used when a population is small
enough that the number of events (births, deaths, etc.) are also small. In this
case, methods must be used to produce a standardized mortality rate (SMR) or
standardized incidence rate (SIR)
Population composition is the description of population defined by
characteristics such as age, race, sex or marital status. These descriptions can be
necessary for understanding the social dynamics from historical and
comparative research. This data is often compared using a population pyramid.
Population composition is also a very important part of historical research.
Information ranging back hundreds of years is not always worthwhile, because
the numbers of people for which data are available may not provide the
information that is important (such as population size). Lack of information on
the original data-collection procedures may prevent accurate evaluation of data
quality.

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Owing to:
(i) The difficulties encountered in keeping demographic
data/information.
(ii) Miscalculation of demographic data/information,
(iii) Difficulties in accessing demographic data/information
(iv) Time wasted in searching for a given demographic
data/information on packed files.
(v) Time wasted in processing demographic data/information
The need arise for the development of computerized based spec analysis system
for national population commission Enugu.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to eliminate errors involved in
demographic data/information. This is actualized by designing computerized
based spec analysis system for national population commission Enugu which is
user friendly and interactive. By the time this software is designed and
implemented, the difficulties encountered with manual method of keeping
demographic information will be eliminated.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
With the growth in information technology, the study offers numerous
values to the national population commission Enugu.
Huge of files kept in the offices will no longer be there again because
information will be stored on the computer with the help of the database
program.

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aims and objectives of this project is listed below:
To provide essential information for government decision making
To enable people understand their community
To eliminate gaze work in population census.
To demonstrate increased motivation to the census workers.
To easy the work associated with manual method analyzing demographic
data/information.
To eliminate the error involved with the manual method analyzing
demographic data/information.
To save the time wasted when method analyzing demographic
data/information.
To make population council office neat and tidy as a lot of information
will no longer be documented on paper but in computer.
To ensure easy retrieving and updating of demographic data/information.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This project work is narrowed to computerized based spec analysis
system for national population commission Enugu. It also deals with the
development of database program to help in the storage of demographic
data/information in the national population commission Enugu.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Owing to the scope of this project work as stated above, this project work
is limited to computerized based spec analysis system for national population
commission Enugu.
It is important to mention here that TIME, FINANCIAL, NON-CHALANT
ATTITUDE OF THE STAFF.
Where major constraint occur ‟s in the course of fact finding. It is also wise to
mention here that some information we need to work with were not collected
because of some reason.

1.8 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY
One of the major assumptions made in this project work is that manual
methods of processing demographic data/information are ineffective, time
wasting, prone to error. It is also assumed that with the level of development in
information technology, there is a serious demand to join this trend of
information technology.
It is also assumed that computerized based spec analysis system for
national population commission Enugu will motivate the staffs to work more
with easy.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS/VARIABLES
Abundance: is an ecological concept referring to the relative representation of a
species in a particular ecosystem.
Population: density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit
volume
Male: refers to the sex of an organism, or part of an organism, which produces
small mobile gametes, called spermatozoa. Each spermatozoon can fuse with a
larger female gamete or ovum, in the process of fertilization. A male cannot
reproduce…
Female : is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, which produces
ova (egg cells). The ova are defined as the larger gamete in a heterogamous
reproduction system, while the smaller, usually motile gamete, the
spermatozoon, is produced.