Design And Implementation Of GSM-Based Home Automation

ABSTRACT

This device is design to monitor and control electrical devices (Analog and Digital) remotely using GSM modem/phone.  The GSM modem provides the communication mechanism between the user and the microcontroller system by means of SMS messages.

User can control multiple electrical devices by sending suitably formatted SMS message to the microcontroller based control system.  These SMS commands are interpreted by microcontroller system and are validated. If the SMS command received is valid then it takes the necessary action to control the said devices.

This system also continuously monitors the status of devices connected to it. If the status of any critical device changes from ON to OFF or vice versa, then microcontroller based system automatically sends the SMS alerts back to user. After completion of the command implementation this system sends the confirmation messages back to the calling user.  The major building blocks of this project are:

DEFINITION OF TERMS

GSM (Global System for Mobile communications); is a cellular communication standard.

DTMF (dual-tone multi-frequency): is used for telephone signaling over the line in the voice frequency band to the call switching center.

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service): is a mobile data service offered to GSM mobile users.

SMS (short message service): is a service available on most digital mobile phones that permit the sending of short messages (also known as text messaging service).

M2M (machine to machine): concept of communications between a device containing some amount of data and another device that requires the use of that data

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
• LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEMS AND ASSUMPTIONS OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT
2.2     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
2.3     DESCRIPTION OF GSM

2.4     GSM MODULE INTERFACING WITH MICROCONTROLLER

2.5     PRECAUTIONS BEFORE INTERFACING GSM MODULE WITH MICROCONTROLLER

2.6     INTERFACING OF GSM MODULE WITH PIC16F877A MICROCONTROLLER

2.7     GSM OVERVIEW

2.8     GSM ARCHITECTURE AND WORKING

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.1     BASICS OF THE PROJECT

3.2     SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.3     DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.4   CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.5   COMPONENTS LIST

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     IMPLEMETATION AND RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1     SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.2   TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.3     INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1      CONCLUSIONS

5.2      REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

Initially communication was done by travelling from kilometre to kilometre to deliver messages but now the trend involves talking to people even when they are far away around the globe even to the extent of seeing them using the present day 3G technologies. Now mobile phones can be used to trigger their greatest revolution: by allowing us to run our homes remotely. If you are heading home early on a sunny day to your house driving through traffic in Lagos, your mobile phone can be used to switch on your central air conditioner at the touch of a keypad or even turn on your water heater system on a cold night preparing yourself for a warm shower. Fitted to a kitchen wall, the unit will communicate with tiny transponders attached to air conditioners, fridges, washing machines, microwave ovens and household appliances.

This paper presents design and construction of a microcontroller based electrical appliances controlling system using cell phone. A cell (mobile) phone acts as a modem for the control of electrical home appliances. This is achieved when the mobile phone number is dialed and an appropriate command button is pressed. The paper demonstrates how to develop a system that aids the control of remote devices using mobile phones to enable devices without infrared though connected to power sources to be controlled and considering the possibility of users to monitor the status and usage of these devices. It makes use of a programmable interface controller (PIC) to control the switching of the output. This design is customized as a central device for four pieces of home appliances using relay to activate each of the respective electronic gadgets.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Most homes make use of many electrical and electronics appliances such as the television set, standing fan, ceiling fan, air conditioner, lighting bulbs, video players, radio, etc. All these appliances require switching to turn on and turn off these appliances traditionally. This manual switching of any home appliance is an inconvenient method for physically disabled or elderly or even for the young and busy individuals when frequent switching operation is required. Thus, an easier method of switching is developed to replace this manual switching method, using an advanced switching method for electronic home appliances – GSM. This involves using GSM to switch ON and OFF of home appliances.

1.3                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this project is to enable users to remotely control their home appliances and systems using a cell phone-based interface. To access the control unit, the user should send an authentication code along with the required/desired function/action to his/her home control system via GSM. Upon being properly authenticated, the cell phone-based interface at home (control unit) would relay the commands to a microcontroller that would perform the required function/action, and return a function completion code that would be sent to the source of the original command (user’s cell phone).

1.4                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This device allows for a user to remotely control and monitor multiple home appliances using a cellular phone. This system will be a powerful and flexible tool that will offer this service at any time, and from anywhere with the constraints of the technologies being applied. Possible target appliances include (but are not limited to) climate control systems, security systems, and lights; anything with an electrical interface.

The proposed approach for designing this system is to implement a microcontroller-based control module that receives its instructions and commands from a cellular phone over the GSM network. The microcontroller then will carry out the issued commands and then communicate the status of a given appliance or device back to the cellular phone. For security purposes, a means of identification and user authentication will be implemented, and will combine caller identification with a password authorization.

1.5                                            OPERATING ENVIRONMENT

The control system will include two separate units: the cellular phone, and the control unit. There will therefore be two operating environments. The cellular phone will operate indoors and outdoors whereas the control unit will operate indoors within the temperature and humidity limits for proper operation of the hardware.

1.6                                          LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The following is a list of limitations for the project.

·        The receiver must reside in a location where a signal with sufficient strength can be received from a cellular phone network.

·        The only person who can communicate with the control module is the person who will be successfully authenticated.

·        Only devices with electrical controlling input ports will be possible targets for control.

·        The controlled devices will have I/O ports that will make communication with the receiver possible.

·        The receiver must have a power source (120vac or 220vac) attached at all times.

·        Operation of the controlling unit is only possible through a cell phone with SMS messaging capabilities.

·        The controlling unit must be able to receive and decode SMS messages.

1.7                        PROBLEMS AND ASSUMPTIONS OF THE PROJECT

The following is a list of problems and assumptions for the project;

·        The user and control unit will establish communication via GSM.

·        The cell phone and service provider chosen will support text messaging service.

·        The user is familiar with the text messaging program on their cell phone.

·        All service charges from service provider apply.

·        The controlled appliances will have to have an electrical interface in order to be controlled by microcontroller.

1.8                                         APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This project can be used in Industries, This system can be employed in houses, where people often forget to switch off electrical appliances. This system can be used to control AC’s to set the room temperature when we are outside. We can extend this circuit to control many electrical devices with some modifications using 4 x16 decoder IC. This work is aimed toward average consumers who wish to control household appliances remotely from their cell phones provided that the appliances are electrically controllable. Example of feasible appliances and applications under consideration include; enable/disable security systems, fans, lights, kitchen appliances, and adjusting the temperatures settings of a heating/ventilation/air conditioning system.

This system can be used in industrial applications. This system can be employed in houses, where people often forget to switch off electrical appliances. This system can be used to control AC’s to set the room temperature when we are outside. We can extend this circuit to control many electrical devices with some modifications using 4 x16 decoder IC.

1.9                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Home Appliance Control using Mobile Phone can be used to turn on / off the devices and various appliances in our home. It can prove very useful for disabled people. This project can also be used in shop, offices, industry. User has to dial a call to the mobile which is connected to the project. Then user has to press various keys to control the devices. In this work:

• Quick response is achieved.
• Construction is easy.
• Easy to maintain and repair.
• Comparatively the operation cost is less.
• Design is efficient and low cost.
• Power consumption is low.
• Controlling electrical devices wirelessly
• Saves electricity (when we forget to switch off and go out).
• We can control appliances from any place round the globe.
• No coding is required.

1.10                                       METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. programming of microcontroller
2. Design of was carried out.
3. Studying of various component used in circuit.

• Construct the circuit.
• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.11                                      PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.