Design And Implimentation Of Intercom

ABSTRACT

This work is on design and implementation of an intercom. An intercom is a telecommunications device that enables voice communication without the need to run copper wires between intercom stations.

An intercom (intercommunication device), talkback is a stand-alone voice communications system for use within a building or small collection of buildings, functioning independently of the public telephone network. Intercoms are generally mounted permanently in buildings and vehicles. Intercoms can incorporate connections to public address loudspeaker systems, walkie talkies, telephones, and to other intercom systems. Some intercom systems incorporate control of devices such as signal lights and door latches

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERCOM
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INTERCOM SYSTEMS
• WIRELESS AND WIRED HOME INTERCOM SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• BLOCK DESCRIPTION
• WIRING DIAGRAM
• INTERCOM CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
• COMPONENTS LIST
• CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONT
• SYSTEM OPERATION
• MAJOR COMPONENT’S DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• PACKAGING
• MOUNTING PROCEDURE
• PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION

An intercom is a stand-alone voice communications system for use within a building or small collection of buildings, functioning independently of the public telephone network. Intercoms are generally mounted permanently in buildings and vehicles. Intercoms can incorporate connections to public address loudspeaker systems, walkie talkies, telephones, and to other intercom systems. Some intercom systems incorporate control of devices such as signal lights and door latches.

Traditional intercoms and public address systems are composed entirely of analogue electronics components but many new features and interfacing options can be accomplished with new intercom systems based on digital connections. Video signals can be carried as well as voice. Digital intercom stations can be connected using Cat 5 cable and can even use existing computer networks as a means of interfacing distant parties.

Many schools and office buildings now use audio / video systems to identify visitors trying to gain access to a locked building, and can be interfaced with the building’s access control system.

Intercom systems can be found on many types of vehicles including trains, watercraft,  aircraft and armored fighting vehicles.

1.2                                               OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this work is design a device that is used to communicate with people outside and inside a building.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Using an intercom system in your home or office can save time and provide a more effective communication channel.

Intercom system provides functions ranging from convenience to security. Conversations can be held between individuals in different parts of the home and in the case of injury or emergency.

Not only are home intercoms used for communication, but they can be used for entertainment as well. Intercom is a form of entertainment provided by a home intercom system is the ability to play the same radio station in rooms throughout your home.

1.4                                           BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
The intercom system is best for places that have a low crime rate, where at the most one has to fend off is an annoying salesperson or a panhandler. In these situations, with the help of an intercom system, the homeowner can interact with these individuals without actually coming down to the doorway to shoo them away. This system is highly useful in places like mansions, standalone bungalows, or areas with an attached garden. In such scenarios, people living in the house can find out who is at the door without going all the way through the home and garden, only to find out that the person at the door is not someone they wanted to meet anyway. This system is a good idea because it gives an audio visual of the person at the door, so the person inside the house has an exact idea of who wants to visit them, who they are with, and in some cases, they can even find out what they want.

The intercom system also works as an excellent free communication system between people on the same connection. In apartment buildings, the security and the help can use the intercom to convey any important information to the people living in the house. People in the house can also use the intercom to speak to other people living in the building and connected via the same line.

However, the intercom is not a security system in the most traditional sense. It just allows the user to find out information about whoever decides to call on them, and decides to come in through the main door. The intercom would be patently useless against career criminals who have already devised ways to get into the apartment or the bungalow through other venues and not the door.
This system just stops unsavory people from coming into the house via the main entry, and does not have any features that might stop them from scaling a wall or a window. For an intercom to make an actual impact, the user will have to install surveillance cameras all along the surrounding area along with the intercom system. In this way, they will be able to ensure that the person they just denied entry is not trying to come in through a window.

These are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the intercom systems. While it is not a great security system on its own, it does play a very important role in rounding off the security system of any house. There are several kinds of intercom systems available, and you would need to research a bit to find out which fulfils your requirements.

1.5                                                   SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this project work is limited to the design, construction intercom device system with specification that;

i       The   demodulator   should   operate   with a   minimum distortion while producing an adequate output

1.   The small signal amplifier must provide an undistorted signal into the buffer amplifier to be able to drive a speaker of 8Q. Impedance.

iii.        A 9 volt d.c power supply is to be design and employed to power the intercom for operation.

1. The mater and the remote stations will be built individually.
2. Result’  shall fully be discussed while suggestions for further study made.

1.6                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Intercom Systems is used in places like:

1. Home,
2. Office or
3. Business
4. Churches
5. Vehicles – vehicles including trains, watercraft, aircraft and armored fighting vehicles.

1.7                                                TERMS AND DEFINITION

• Master Station or Base Station – These are units that can control the system, i.e., initiate a call with any of the stations and make announcements over the whole system.
• Sub-station – Units that are capable of only initiating a call with a Master Station but not capable of initiating calls with any other stations (sometimes called slave units).
• Door Station – Like sub-stations, these units are only capable of initiating a call to a Master Station. They are typically weather-proof.
• Intercom Station – Full-featured remote unit that is capable of initiating and receiving party-line conversation, individual conversation and signalling. May be rack-mounted, wall-mounted or portable.
• Wall Mount Station – fixed-position intercom station with built-in loudspeaker. May have flush-mounted microphone, hand-held push to talk microphone or telephone-style handset.
• Belt Pack – portable intercom station worn on the belt such as an interruptible feedback (IFB) with an earpiece worn by talent.
• Handset – permanent or portable telephone-style connection to an intercom station. Holds both an earpiece and a push to talk
• Headset – portable intercom connection from a belt pack to one or both ears via headphones with integrated microphone on a boom arm. Connects to a belt pack.
• Paging Signal – An audible and/or visual alert at an intercom station, indicating that someone at another station wants to initiate a conversation.
• Power Supply – Used to feed power to all units. Often incorporated into the design of the base station.
• Telephonic – Intercom systems that utilize a transmitter (talk) and receiver (listen) to communicate, similar to standard telephone systems.
• Amplified – Intercom systems that utilize a single speaker to transmit and receive communications.
• Amplifier – An intercom systems main or central component that is responsible for switching or connecting communication paths between master and substations in addition to distributing or switching power to auxiliary connected devices i.e. door strikes to allow entry.

1.8                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of the Intercom system is to provide voice communication between 2 or more locations.

1.9                          PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to an intercommunication device. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation of the study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of an intercommunication device. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.