Design And Installation Of A 4KVA Hybrid Solar Power Systrem

ABSTRACT

Hybrid Inverter is designed to serve as a backup power supply for AC loads. The input power of  hybrid inverter comes from PV system and AC grid which not only supply power to AC loads but also charge the battery bank when the power from AC grid or AC generator is present.

In the event of the AC grid (or AC generator) outage, the AC loads can be alternatively powered by PV system(if the illumination is sufficient) and the battery bank.

This paper presents the Solar-mains hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energies in Sun and mains to generate electricity. This System ensures the optimum utilization of resources and hence improve the efficiency as compared with their individual mode of generation. Also it increases the reliability and reduces the dependence on one single source. This hybrid solar power generating system is suitable for industries and also domestic areas.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
• DEFINITION OF HYBRID POWER SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN

• DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCK
• SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION
• IMPLEMENTATION OF HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM
• SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• SYSTEM INSTALLATION

CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                          BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Solar hybrid power systems are hybrid power systems that combine solar power from a photovoltaic system with another power generating energy source.^[Thomas, 2015] A common type is a photovoltaic diesel hybrid system,^[Thomas, 2016] combining photovoltaics (PV) and diesel generators, or diesel gensets, as PV has hardly any marginal cost and is treated with priority on the grid. The diesel gensets are used to constantly fill in the gap between the present load and the actual generated power by the PV system.^[ Thomas, 2015^]

As solar energy is fluctuating, and the generation capacity of the diesel genesets is limited to a certain range, it is often a viable option to include battery storage in order to optimize solar’s contribution to the overall generation of the hybrid system.^[ Kunal K, 2015]

The best business cases for diesel reduction with solar and wind energy can normally be found in remote locations because these sites are often not connected to the grid and transport of diesel over long distances is expensive.^[Thomas, 2015^] Many of these applications can be found in the mining sector and on islands [Kunal K, 2015

In 2015, a case-study conducted in seven countries concluded that in all cases generating costs can be reduced by hybridising mini-grids and isolated grids. However, financing costs for diesel-powered electricity grids with solar photovoltaics are crucial and largely depend on the ownership structure of the power plant. While cost reductions for state-owned utilities can be significant, the study also identified short-term economic benefits to be insignificant or even negative for non-public utilities, such as independent power producers, given historical costs at the time of the study. [Kunal K, 2015

Other solar hybrids include mains-solar systems which is the focus of the project. The combination of mains and solar has the advantage that the two sources complement each. The power generation of such a hybrid system is more constant and fluctuates less than each of the two component subsystems.

The intermittent / non-dispatchable solar PV at the prevailing low tariffs clubbed with pumped-heat electricity storage can offer cheapest dispatchable power round the clock on demand.

Solar hybrid power system combines the best of traditional on-grid inverter and off-gird inverters to create a revolutionary product which can serve as a one stop shop for energy generation and energy storage which can be used whenever the mains fails. These inverters are economical solutions to enable ‘self-use’ and ‘load shifting’ of energy. In addition to this, solar hybrid inverters also have Emergency Power Supply (EPS) which offers backup power if your mains utility power fails.

Solar hybrid inverters first use the solar power, and if the demand exceeds the solar power, it imports power from grid. If the solar power exceeds the power demand, the excess power is used to charge batteries. Moreover, if the batteries are fully charged the excess power can be fed back into the grid.

This paper presents the mains – Solar hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energies in Sun and mains to supply electricity to a private house, farm house, a small company, an educational institution or an apartment house depending on the need at the site where used.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

The major problem of the world is the threat of fast depletion of the fossil fuel reserves. Most of the present energy demand is met by fossil and nuclear power plants. A small part is met by renewable energy technologies such as the wind, solar, biomass, geothermal etc. There will soon be a time when we will face a severe fuel shortage. As per the law of conservation of energy, “Energy can neither be created, nor be destroyed, but it can only be converted from one form to another”. Most of the research now is about how to conserve the energy and how to utilize the energy in a better way. This research was carried out to provide reliable and robust systems to harness energy from conventional (mains) and non-conventional (solar) energy resources. Among them, the mains and solar power sources have experienced a remarkably rapid growth in the past 10 years.

1.3                                   AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The aim of this project is to design a hybrid mains and solar energy. At the end of this study, a mains and solar hybrid power system will be designed and installed.

1.4                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of the work is to provide a sustainable and reliable renewable energies from Sun and mains from the mains grid to supply electricity to home, offices and industries.

1.5                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1. Cost is high
2. Solar power is not available during night time
3. mains power failure can occur at the night hour when the solar energy is not also available resulting total power failure.
4. If used for power loads initial cost is very high.

1.5                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1. Power generation is double
2. Reduce the power demand
3. Easy to implement
4. Used in many areas
5. Uninterrupted power supply

1.6                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Mains – solar energy hybrid Power system is the combined power generating system by mains and solar energy panel. It also includes a battery which is used to store the energy generated from both the sources. Using this system power generation by windmill when wind source is available and generation from PV module when light radiation is available can be achieved. Both units can be generated power when both sources are available. By providing the battery uninterrupted power supply is possible when both sources are idle.

In this project generation of energy by using domestic Solar panels and mains arrangement is made.

The technical studies of the hybrid system, carried out in the establishment phase, which could not be addressed in the introduction part, and the general and technical characteristics of the system are presented.

1.7                                            PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT

Though a hybrid system has a bundle of advantages, there are some issues and problems related to hybrid systems have to be addressed:

1. Most of hybrid systems require storage devices which batteries are mostly used. These batteries require continues monitoring and increase the cost, as the batteries life is limited to a few years. It is reported that the battery lifetime should increase to around years for the economic use in hybrid systems.
2. Due to dependence of renewable sources involved in the hybrid system on weather results in the load sharing between the different sources employed for power generation, the optimum power dispatch, and the determination of cost per unit generation are not easy.
3. The reliability of power can be ensured by incorporating weather independent sources
4. The stability issue. As the power generation from different sources of a hybrid system is comparable, a sudden change in the output power from any of the sources or a sudden change in the load can affect the system stability significantly.

1.7                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device can be used in the following places such as:

1. Home
2. Offices
3. Industries
4. Farms, etc

1.8                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.