Development Banking
Development banking refers to financial institutions that primarily focus on providing long-term financing for projects and initiatives aimed at promoting economic development and social progress in a country or region. These banks typically operate under the mandate of fostering sustainable growth by offering specialized financial products such as loans, equity investments, and technical assistance to sectors such as agriculture, infrastructure, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and education. They often collaborate with government agencies, international organizations, and private sector partners to mobilize resources and mitigate risks associated with development projects, aiming to stimulate economic activity, create jobs, reduce poverty, and enhance overall welfare in the target communities.
This study focuses on finding out the extent to which development banking has aided in development of the Nigeria Economy through financing and granting of medium and long term loans for capital projects and other related services like providing technical services to their bank customers who engage in promotional activities to stimulate interest on new projects.
The study adopted a his historical method of investigation because of the absence of the questionnaire and the nature of the research only historical research was designed since staff and management of development banking carry out the same functions and the same business activities. The staff and management of development banking constitute the population interest of 40 from this population, a formular sampling method was use to arrive at a sample of B6 specifically, the objectives of the study are to among others.
To find out the role played by development banking in the development of Agriculture, commerce an industrial sectors.
To highlight the impact of development banking in the Nigeria in the Nigerian Economy.
To examine the extent of mobilization of funds to finance capital projects.
To examine the sources of funds to the development banking in Nigeria
To determine whether there is any difference in functions of banks that make up development banking.
To accomplish these objectives data were collected historically, which involved the sourcing of data from primary and secondary from the past and present records and functions from the staff of different kinds of development banking in Nigeria, published materials and textbooks.
The findings of the research work was based on the data on the literature in chapter two.
Against this, background, both short and long term measures were adopted and recommended in chapter five, and if implemented will go a long way in boosting the development of development banking in this country to carry out their business activities efficiently and effectively.
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope and limitation of study
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of related literature
2.1 The Nigerian industrial development bank (NIDB)
2.1.1 The Nigerian industrial development bank NIDB sources of fund
2.1.2 Functions of Nigerian industrial development bank
2.1.3 The re-construction of the Nigeria industrial development bank limited.
2.2 Mandate of bank of industry (BOI)
2.2.1 The objectives of bank of industry (BOI)
2.2.2 Sources of funds for bank of industry
2.3 Project selection criteria of bank of industry (BOI)
2.4 The Nigeria bank for commerce and industry (NCBI)
2.4.1 Functions of bank for commerce and industry (NCBI)
2.5 The Nigerian agriculture and co-operative bank (NACB)
2.6 Nigerian agricultural co-operative and rural development bank limited (NACPDB)
2.7 Main obligations of Nigerian agricultura, co-operative and rural development bank (NACRDB)
2.7.1 Ownership and sources of fund for NACRDB
2.7.2 Functions of Nigerian agricultural co-operative and rural development bank (NACRDB)
2.7.3 Nigerian agricultural, co-operative and rural development bank (NACRDB) special project loans
2.7.4 ECOWAS fund accelerated fish production project
2.7.5 International found for agricultural development project (IFAD)
2.7.6 Livestock development project (LDP)
2.7.7 Annual traction and hand tools technology programme
2.7.8 Types of loans granted by and rural development bank (NACRDB)
2.8 Role of development banking serves to economy
2.9 Defenses in mandate between bank of industry and Nigerian agricultural co-operative and rural development bank (NACRDB)
References
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DISGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research design
3.2 Sources of data collection
3.2.1 Secondary data sources
3.2.2 Primary data sources
3.3 Location of data
3.4 Population of the study
3.5 Sample size determination
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary and conclusion
5.2 Recommendations
Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Development banking in Nigeria was established, as a result of strong needs to close the gap created by the inability of the operating banks in Nigeria such as commercial banks, central bank and merchant banks to provide the needed funds to finance some special sectors of the economy such sectors which must be financed mainly with long-term and sometimes with medium term funds, need finance from specialized banks such as development banks. These banks were established for the purpose of providing medium and long term loans for capital projects in Agriculture commerce, industry and other essential projects that are necessary for economic development of the country, such loans are usually provided from the banks internally resources. For projects that require huge capital resources than it can provided alone, development bank usually mobilizes other financial institutions to raise the required loan for the establishment that requires it.
Apart from providing medium and long term loans for capital projects in specific areas as already mentioned, development banks render ancillary services like proving technical advice on new and existing projects to their customers, engaging in promotional activities to stimulate interests among their customers on new prefects which the banks consider necessary and profitable.
The commercial banks in operation provided short term funds which was as a result of the nature of funds available to them. Occasionally the provided medium term funds and long-term basis. Development banks perform this function by providing long-term loans for capital projects in specific areas. In Nigeria, we have the Nigerian industrial development bank (NIDB), the Nigerian bank for commerce and industry (NBCI) and the Nigerian Agricultural co-operative bank (NACB) now known as Nigerian Agricultural, co-operative and rural development bank limited (NACRD). These banks are owned by the federal government.
Following the reconstruction of the Nigeria industrial development bank limited, NIDB in 2001, which incorporated the mandate of the Nigerian bank of commerce and industry (NBCI), the (NBCI) apperar to have lost its identify. Today you may not discuss the NBCI without seeing it as a part of NIDB.
Nevertheless, since NBCI, is still in existence having not be swallowed by the NIDB,
The NBCI was established through decree 22 of 5th may 1973 by the federal government of Nigeria. The bank which is believe to be a child of circumstance because it came up after the Nigeria civil was when the indigestion decree was set up. It started its operation on 4th October, 1974.
The bank’s authorized capital at inception was N50 million N35 million of this fully paid up and subscribed by the federal government with 60% and the central bank of Nigeria, which had the remaining 40.
The bank when established was meant to assist the implementation of the indigensation decree of 1972
By the decree No22 of 2nd April 1973, the bank was to provide equity capitates and funds by way of loans to indigenous persons, institutions and organizations for medium and long term investments in industry and commerce at such rates and upon board in accordance with the policy directed by the federal executive council
This decree empowered the bank to borrow monies from any source it can, to enable it meet its obligations and discharge functions.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Following the increase economic activities in Nigeria, commercial banks which have been established to provide their customers with short term loans can no longer meet up with duties of providing medium. At this point in time the monetary authority and the federal government saw the need to create a bank that will cater for the need of people living in rural and urban areas and those who want to invest on capital projects.
The aim of establishing this bank was to grant medium and long term loans to Nigeria investors. The aim or establishing this bank was defeated due to culminated by the economic depression pampging the Nigeria economy which had lead to the Nigeria economy which had lead to the folding up or wounding up of many industries which had slowed-down the business activates in our industries which affect the development banking in Nigeria.
Development banking have not performed satisfactorily area of capital projects and promotional activities to stimulate interests among their customers on new projects which the bank consider necessary and profitable. This can be attributed to in equate capital base, the high rate of interest charged on loans borrowed and high cost of building houses. New initiatives are therefore needed to tackle these problems.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study are as follows:
1. To final out the role played by development banking in the development of Agriculture, commerce and industrial sectors.
2. To highlight the impact of development banking in the Nigeria Economy.
3. To examine the extent of mobilization of funds to finance capital projects.
4. To examine the sources of funds to the development banking in Nigeria.
5. To determine whether there is any difference in functions of bank that makeup development banking.
6. Finally to make general and specific recommendations for worthwhile for development banking in Nigeria.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions have been formulated for the study
1. What is the role played by development banking in the development of Agriculture, commerce and industrial sectors?
2. What are the impact of development banking in the Nigeria economy.
3. What is the extent of mobilization of funds to finance capital projects?
4. What are the source of funds to development banking in Nigeria.
5. What are the difference in functions in banks that make-up development banking?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The results of the study will be beneficial to different people in different ways. It will be beneficial to stakeholders in development banking industry, management and staff of the development-banking sector where achievement has been minimal.
The study will benefit the public who will understand the role played by development banking and use to apply for micro credit loans. It will be equally beneficiary to investors who applied for medium and long-term loan on how development banking finance capital projects. It will also stimulate new thoughts and ideas on how development banking in Nigeria carry out its activities.
Finally, the study forms the basis upon which further research can be actuated.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study was limited to development banking in Nigeria. Because of the time frame and finance constraint on the side of the researcher, the scope of the study was limited to developing banking in Enugu metropolis, Enugu State.
However, the researcher encountered problem in area of gathering materials/data for the research work due to dearth of research materials on the topic. This however, does not distort the researcher from getting relevant documents that aided her in carrying out research work of this nature.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
RESUSCITATE AILING INDUSTRIES: This bank resuscitating ailing industries that can operate competitively in the country’s economy.
LOCAL SOURCES OF FUNDS: This are funds provided to the development bank by the federal government of Nigeria and the central bank of Nigeria.
INTERNATIONAL SOURCES OF FUNDS: This is a way by which development bank obtain foreign loans and grants from international agencies.
ABSORPTION OF EXCHANGE RISK: The bank provides facilities that will encourage the absorption of exchange risk encountered by funds users in respect of foreign dominated loans.
Development Banking:
Development banking refers to the specialized financial institutions or organizations that provide long-term funding and financial services to promote economic development and growth in a country or region. These institutions play a crucial role in supporting various sectors of the economy, particularly those that may not receive sufficient financing from commercial banks or other financial institutions. Development banks are often government-owned or government-supported entities, although they can also be privately owned.
Here are some key aspects of development banking:
- Long-Term Financing: Development banks typically offer long-term financing solutions, which can span several years or even decades. This is in contrast to commercial banks, which usually provide short- to medium-term loans.
- Economic Development: The primary goal of development banks is to contribute to the overall economic development and growth of a region or country. They achieve this by funding projects and initiatives that promote infrastructure development, industrialization, agriculture, education, healthcare, and other critical sectors.
- Risk Mitigation: Development banks often take on higher levels of risk compared to commercial banks. They are willing to finance projects that might be considered too risky by traditional banks, especially in emerging markets or for projects with a strong developmental impact.
- Subsidized Interest Rates: Development banks may provide loans at below-market interest rates or offer other financial incentives to encourage investment in key sectors of the economy. This is done to make projects more financially viable and attractive to potential investors.
- Technical Assistance: In addition to financial support, development banks often offer technical assistance and expertise to help project developers and entrepreneurs plan, implement, and manage their initiatives effectively.
- Sector Focus: Development banks typically have a specific focus on sectors that are critical for economic development, such as agriculture, manufacturing, infrastructure, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
- Government Support: Many development banks are government-owned or government-supported institutions. Governments may provide capital injections, guarantees, or other forms of support to ensure the stability and effectiveness of these institutions.
- Regional Development: Some development banks focus on regional development, targeting specific geographic areas within a country or even across borders to address regional disparities in economic development.
Examples of well-known development banks include:
- World Bank: An international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low and middle-income countries for projects in various sectors.
- Asian Development Bank (ADB): A regional development bank dedicated to promoting economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific.
- African Development Bank (AfDB): A regional multilateral development bank focused on promoting economic and social development in African countries.
- Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES): A prominent development bank in Brazil that supports various sectors of the economy, including infrastructure and industry.
Development banks play a critical role in addressing infrastructure deficits, fostering economic growth, reducing poverty, and promoting sustainable development in many parts of the world. Their activities are often aligned with national and international development goals and priorities.