Dual Impact Testing Machines

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• IZOD IMPACT STRENGTH TEST
• CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TESTS
• REVIEW OF IMPACT TESTING MACHINES AND DROP IMPACT TESTERS
• OVERVIEW OF CHARPY IMPACT TEST
• HISTORY OF THE STUDY
• IMPACT TEST RESULTS ON LOW- AND HIGH-STRENGTH MATERIALS
• IZOD IMPACT STRENGTH AND CHARPY IMPACT STRENGTH
• TYPES OF IMPACT TESTS
• TYPES OF MATERIALS FOR IMPACT TESTING

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• INTRODUCTION
• HOW THE CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TEST WORKS
• CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TEST DATA
• ENSURING REPEATABLE CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TESTING
• SAMPLE PREPARATION
• PREPARING MATERIALS FOR CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TESTING BY INJECTION MOLDING
• SOURCES OF POTENTIAL ERROR FOR INJECTION MOLDED SPECIMENS
• IMPROVING CONSISTENCY OF CHARPY AND IZOD TEST RESULTS
• PREPARING MATERIALS FOR CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TESTING BY COMPRESSION MOLDING
• NOTCHES IN CHARPY AND IZOD TEST SPECIMENS
• NOTCHING CHARPY AND IZOD TEST SPECIMENS
• MOLDING NOTCHES AND DIE CUTTERS
• MEASURING AND INSPECTION OF NOTCHES
• CONDITIONING CHARPY AND IZOD TEST SPECIMENS
• THEORY OF THE EXPERIMENT
• EQUIPMENT USED

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

• RESULT
• CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TESTING EQUIPMENT
• DESIGN OF CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TESTING MACHINES
• CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TESTING PROCEDURE
• PENDULUM SELECTION
• DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
• CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

An impact test is used to observe the mechanics that a material will exhibit when it experiences a shock loading that causes the specimen to immediately deform, fracture or rupture completely. To perform this test the sample is placed into a holding fixture with the geometry and orientation determined by the type of test that is used and then a known weight generally but not always in the shape of a pendulum is released from a known height so that it collides with the specimen with a sudden force. This collision between the weight and specimen generally results in the destruction of the specimen but the transfer of energy between the two is used to determine the fracture mechanics of the material.

Impact testing machines evaluate an object’s capacity to withstand high-rate loading and it is commonly used to determine the service life of a part or material. Impact resistance can be among the most challenging qualities to measure. The capacity evaluate this property is particularly useful in assessing product liability and safety.

There are two standard kinds of impact test: Charpy and IZOD. Charpy tests are commonly performed on metals, but a few plastics and polymers can also be tested. IZOD tests can be performed on either plastic or metal specimens. A Charpy test specimen is usually a 55 x 10 x 10 millimetre bar. An IZOD specimen is typically a 64 x 12.7 x 3.2-millimetre bar. Toughness is a measure of a materials ability to resist sudden or impact loads. Toughness is measured by Impact tests, of which there are two types, namely Charpy and Izod. Both are performed using the same piece of equipment with different attachments.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is to determine the relative toughness of a number of types of plastic using piece of equipment.

1.3                                                PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of an impact test is to determine the ability of the material to absorb energy during a collision. This energy may be used to determine the toughness, impact strength, fracture resistance, impact resistance or fracture resistance of the material depending on the test that was performed and the characteristic that is to be determined. These values are important for the selection of materials that will be used in applications that require the material to undergo very rapid loading processes such as in vehicular collisions.

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Impact testing is used to determine material behavior at higher deformation speeds. Classical pendulum impact testers determine the impact energy absorbed by a standardized specimen up to break by measuring the height of rise of the pendulum hammer after impact.

1.5                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The characterization of the toughness of a material can be achieved in several ways, but Charpy and Izod tests are the most common methods. The Charpy test determines the amount of energy absorbed by the material during fracture. This experiment involves using this experiment is to determine the relative toughness of a number of types of plastic using Charpy and Izod tests methods.

1.6                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

Some of the advantages of Charpy and Izod test include:

1. Cost effective test method for composites
2. Relatively easy to perform

• Helps to assess quality of a product

1. Useful for evaluating new products
2. Provides fast measurement results.

1.7                            INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

Some of the primary application areas of Charpy and Izod test are listed below:

1. Materials testing
2. Construction of pressure vessels

• Determining the impact strength of bridges

1.8                                                         PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied in the experiment,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.