Effect Of The Ethanolic Extract Of Anchomanes Difformis (Blume) On Liver Functions Of Adult Wistar Rats

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter introduces the Effect Of The Ethanolic Extract Of Anchomanes Difformis (Blume) On Liver Functions Of Adult Wistar Rats and its relevance, states the research problems, research questions, and objectives, provides a background of the study, and should also include the research hypothesis.

In this chapter, Effect Of The Ethanolic Extract Of Anchomanes Difformis (Blume) On Liver Functions Of Adult Wistar Rats is critically examined through a review of relevant literature that helps explain the research problem and acknowledges the contribution of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps …

Title page i

Certification page ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Abstract v

Table of content

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Medicinal plants

1.1.2 History of medicinal plants

1.2 Liver function test

1.3 Aim of study

Chapter Two

2.0 Literature review

2.1 Anchomanes Difformis

2.1.2 Features

2.1.3 Uses of Anchomanes Difformis

2.1.4 Scientific studies on A.difformis

2.2 The Liver

2.2.1 Anatomy of the Liver

2.2.2 Functions

2.2.3 Cell types

2.3 Evaluation of Liver functions

2.4 Abnormal levels of liver enzymes

2.4.1 Nonalcoholic fatty liver damage

2.4.2 Alcohol

2.4.3 Wilson disease

2.4.4 Hepatits

2.4.5 Cirhosis

2.4.6 Medications

2.5 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

2.5 Functions

2.5.1 Mechanism of action

2.5.2 Clinical signifance

2.6 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

2.6.1 Functions

2.6.2 Clinical significance

2.7 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

2.7.1 Physiology

2.7.2 Elevation in ALP level

2.8 Bilirubin

2.8.1 Functions

2.8.2 Clinical significance

2.8.3 Abnormal Bilirubin level

Chapter Three

3.0 Materials and methods

3.1 Apparatus and equipment

3.2 Chemical reagents

3.3 Collection and extraction of plant materials

3.4 Practical history and Animal management

3.5 Drug administration

3.6 Sacrificing of rats

3.7 Organ homogenization

3.8 Biochemical analyses

3.8.1 Bilirubin

3.8.1.1 Principle

3.8.1.2 Reagent composition

3.8.1.3 Procedure

3.8.2 Alanine aminotransferase

3.8.2.1 Principle

3.8.2.2 Reagent composition

3.8.2.3 Procedure

3.8.2.4 Calculation

3.8.3 Alkaline phosphatase

3.8.3.1 Principle

3.8.3.2 Reagent composition

3.8.3.3 Preparation of reagents

3.8.3.4 Procedure

3.8.3.5 Calculation

3.8.4 Aspartate aminotransferase

3.8.4.1 Principle

3.8.4.2 Reagent composition

3.8.4.3 Procedure

3.8.4.4 Calculation

Chapter Four

4.0 Results

Chapter Five

5.0 Discussion, conclusion and recommendation

5.1 Discussion

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendation

Reference

Appendix